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SEASONAL MIGRANT WORK IN EUROPESOME OBSERVATIONS
OBSERVATIONS
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A MAP
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Working conditions (Almeria, Spain):
• 40 000 hectares of plastic greenhouses• 20 euros a day + extra hours • No payment of extra-hours/social insurance
• Growers pressures → non-recognition experience/skills
EXPLOITATION OR MODERN SLAVERY ?
Living conditions (Almeria, Spain):
• 15 in cortijos (120 € rent sometimes)• Chabolas, plastic houses• Not allowed to go out exploitation/housing place• Shantytown
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Almeria, Spain – Plastic Greenhouses
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Cortijos
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Chabolas
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A RESERVED WORKERS ARMY: FOR THE PROFIT OF
WHOM ?
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Economic purpose:
• Cheap food on markets• Competitiveness
→ Labor = 55% of direct cost (Roux 2008)
= adjustment variable
Agriculture development trend : for farmers, requirement to survive + coping with exaggerated low prices
ECONOMICAL AIMS
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Cheap and disposable labor force :
• No welfare payements
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A CHOSEN, TEMPORARY, AVAILABLE AND DISPOSABLE HIRING
Obedient and disposable labor force:
• From restrictive countries towards liberties (Maurice and Michallon 2008)
• No longer stay in the country → ex: women with children
• Temporary work agency about women:
“they are more careful with the harvest, they are less rebellious and more hard-working”
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Needed in this special work force → go-between fact development…. …. workers cooperatives, temporary working agency ….
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A NEW KIND OF ACTORS IN THE RACE FOR PROFITS ?
Canelli, Piemonte case study:
• 15 « workers cooperatives » only in one village• Led by Macedonians for day working in vineyards with Macedonians• No offices, work with cell phones, pick-up workers on car park• Delay wages• re-open with different name each year
Terra Fecundis (Spanish agency):
• More or less the same way of action … at larger scale• 2000 workers, extra and EEA nationals, for France, Italy …
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Claiming for a different way of agricultural production:
→ Based on a peasant model which recognised workers’ right and fair wages for both
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WAY OF ACTIONS ?
Involving migrant workers in unions:
• Defending their rights• Formation and informations
Food Otherwise - Wageningen - 22/02
Confédération Paysanne (dir.) « Agriculture industrielle et servitude en Europe » Campagne solidaire (Confédération Paysanne’s Monthly revue) Juillet 2011
Etudes rurales (2008) « Travailleurs saisonniers dans l’agriculture européenne » n°182, Editions de l’EHESS
Peasant agriculture and seasonal migrant workers (volunteers blog): http://www.agricultures-migrations.org/
Pictures:From volunteers (Cabiria Chomel, Charlotte Garda, Julie Chierichietti)
Map:Charlotte garda in « agriculture industrielle et servitude en Europe »
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