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I DESIGN· AND CONSTRUCTION OF WASTE PAPER'
RECYCLING PLANT , ..
BY
";'OCHOR SPENCER CHIDI : ': (~EG.NO. 9615254EH)
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
. FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY MINNA .
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" A FINAL YEAR RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL. FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS, FOR THE AWARD OF
. BACHELOR DEGREE IN ENGINEERING (B. ENG)
FEBRUARY 2002
DECLARATION
declare that this project work was conducted by me; under the able
andsupervision of Engr. M.A. Olutoye. Department of chemical
Minna Niger state. During the
academic session.
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Signature
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CERtiFICATION
is to certify, that this work; Design and construction of waste paper
plant was carried out by Master Ochor Spencer of chemical
Engineering Technology,
. university of technology Minna. In partial fulfillment of the award
Degreein chemical Engineering.
·APPROVED BY:
------------~-----------,
G'R M.A.OLUTOYE DATE
, ,r, ',-:-. ".~ '.-", .. ".'~~'"
ROJECT ~SUPERVISOR)
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J.O. ODIGURE DATE
\
EAD OF DEPARTMENT)
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ERNAL EXAMINAL DATE
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" , DEDICATION
to dedicate this work, to an those who have in one way or the other
buted it's the realization. They include my mum and Dad:" MR and MRS
, ...• ,-,.,- ,-,/ .• --<
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. to express here, my profound gratitude to my parents MR and MRS N ..
R, for theic support, without which this goal would not have been realized .
. to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Engr M.AOlutoye for his'
. I . '. I .
idance and support, as well as his invaluable and priceless advice aU through ,
" igri and construction aspect of the project, and in write-up as well.
God be the glory.
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PAGE
Title page ii'
Certification III
iv
v'
VI
X"
Introduction 1·
General introduction 2
Aims and objectives 3
Scope and limitations
Literature Review 5
Historical Background
Pulp and paper 7
Furnish for pulp and paper 7,
Wood pulping 7
Chemical pulping of wood 8,
Range of chemical pulping processes 8
Principles of chemical pulping
Mechanical pulping of wood 9
f Range of mechanical pulping 10
2.7.0 Bleaching of wood
2.8.0 Paper making
2.9.0 Fiber pr tion
2.10.0 The er machine
2.10.1 CyHnder machine
2.10.2 The Fourdrinier machine
The Twin-wire machine
Uses of additives in paper making
Uses of paper
RecyC\ing in pulp and paper
RecyC\ing of waste/used paper
Processes involved in used paper recyC\ing
Hydropulping
Cleaning and Screening
Deinking
Bleaching
Dewatering/Thickening
Uni~s in a paper recyC\ing plant
Disc refiner
Hydropulper
Headbox
Press section
Drying section
Effect of recycling on pulp quality
Economic and environmental importance 9f recyC\ing
10
1,1
12
13
, 13
1.3
14
15 .. 15
16
1.6
17'
17
'17
17
18'
18
19'
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21
22
23
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THREE 25'
Methodology 25
Sorting of waste paper 25 '
Shredding of waste paper
26 Pulping and starching
, 27 Slurry regulation
Pulp sieving and pressing 28
30 Heating and drying'
Result and discussion of result 33
.1.0 Result 33 , .
. 2.0 Discussion of result 34
36 Process Design
General plant description 36
Process description 36
Material balance across plant 36
Material balance about refiner 37
Material balance about hydropulper 39
Material balance about headbox 40
Material balance about felt blanket conveyor 41
Material balance about drier 42
5.4.0 Energy balance across plant 43
5.4.1' Energy requirement of plant
5.4.2 Energy balance across drier
43
45
5.5.0 Efficiency of drier 46
5.5.1 Defination of parameters 48
5.6.0 Energy balance across Roller 49
5.7.0 Description and design consideration of individual units ,52
5.7.1 Refiner description 52
5.7.2 Volume of hopper
·5.8.0 Description of hydropulper
, 5.8.1 Volume of hydropulper
5.8.2 Design of hydropulper blade
5.9.0 Headbox description
5.9.1 Volume of head box
5.10.0 Felt blanket conveyor description
5.10.1 Design consideration of felt blanket conveyor
CHAPTER SIX
5.0 Cost analysis
CHAPTER SEVEN
6.0 Conclusions and Recommendation
7.1 Conclusion
7.2 Recommendation
Appendix
Design parameters
References
52
54 '
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57 '
57 '
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67,
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able 4.1: Result of experimental analysis.
able 5.1 Total materials balance overall the equipment.
able 6.1 :Material specifications and costing of Hydropulper.
able 6.2: Material specification and costing of Refiner.
able 6.3: Material specification and costing of Headbox.
able 6.4:Material specifications and costing of driers and rollers.
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LIST OF FIGURES.
FlPURE 3.1: Flow diagram for production analysis.
F~GURE 5.1 :Simple flow sheet for production of tissue PFlper.
FIGURE 5.2:Technological scheme of tissue paper production.
F,IGURE 5.4: Dimension of felt blanket.
I ABSTRACT
The research work-Design and construction of a small scale waste paper recycling
. machine, has been carried out. The machine is made up of six component parts, " . ,
which include, the disc refiner, the hydropulper, the head box, feltblanket conveyor,
drier and rollers
Each unit was constructed according to design parameters. From the results of i
experimental analysis carried out on the stddy I for every 0.1 kg of waste paper raw I
material fed i'nto the refiner (as fed)1 we require about 7000ml (7Iiters)of water to
itl and about 0.02 kg of starch adhesive.
was also observed that at the end of the operation, the final paper product
. a SOft, thin, smooth and flexible texture that marks it out as being
referable for use as toilet paper. /
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