Public Communication

Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 1

Presentation ExcellenceA Core Leadership Attribute Seminar on Public Communication

Created By:D. Matthew Sullivan, MD, FACEP

Associate Director, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC

John A. Marx, MD, FACEP, Professor and Past-ChairCarolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC

Tenet Editor:Jeffrey Druck, MD, FACEP

Associate Director, Denver Health Residency in Emergency MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine

Why Are You Here?

• As an excellent presenter…• You can be an excellent teacher

Siebold, J of Appl Comm Res, May 1993

Outline

• Adult Learning

• Development & Preparation

• Presentation & Delivery

• Challenges

Adult Learning“Education Theory”

Adult Learning

• Theory is extensive

• Technology plays a role

• Pertains to Emergency Medicine

Adult Learning- Malcolm Knowles

• “Father” of Andragogy

• Principles of adult education

Adult Learning- Andragogy

• Need to know why they are learning• Experience provides a basis for education• Responsible for learning• Interested in immediate relevance• Problem-centered rather than content-

oriented• Adults respond better to motivators

Knowles, Informal Adult Education, 1950

Preparation & Development“Building blocks of teaching”

Preparation & Development• Audience & Location

• Subject & Organization

• Slides & Equipment

• Review & Rehearsal

Preparation & Development- Audience & Location

• Expectations

• Demographics

• Level of knowledge

• How will you fulfill their goals?

Alon U, Molecular Cell, Oct 2009

• The Audience can listen to 300-400 words per min

• We speak at 75-100 words per min

• The audience is listening to you…

…only 25% of the time!

• 10% of what they read• 20% of what they hear• 30% of what they see• 50% of what they see and hear• 70% of what they say• 90% of what they say and do

• Room size

• Seating arrangement

• Lighting and sound system

• Screen location vs. multiple screens

Preparation & Development- Subject & Organization

• Assigned topic

• Focused vs. overview

• Core topic

• Your topic

• Your research

• Pick 5 points you want to cover

• Arrange appropriately

• Avoid covering too much

• Time it perfectly

Turk C, Effective Speaking: Communication in Speech, 1985

• Intro

• Background

• Topics 1 – 5

• Conclusion

• Questions

7 min/topics

Timing: “5-6-7”

• Begin on time

• Show the audience your organization

• If you think you are funny…

… make sure you are

Morgan N, Harvard Manag Comm Letter, May 2001

• Tell them (3 T’s)

– Tell them what you’re going to tell them

– Tell them

– Tell them what you told them

Morgan N, Harvard Manag Comm Letter, July 2001

• Summarize

– Make the ending consistent

– Take a stand and defend it

– Give people a take-home message

• Questions:– Allow time– Ensure the entire audience hears– Directly answer people– Don’t point / ridicule / play down– Give your contact e-mail at the end

Vik G, Bus Comm Quarterly, June 2004

• Hand-out

– Is it required?

– Often electronic

– Dependent on the venue

– Formal hand-out vs. slide print out

Preparation & Development- Slides & Equipment

• Podium

• Lavaliere microphone

• Thumb drive (backup)

• Laptop and projector

• Know the technology

Preparation & Development- Review & Rehearsal

• Review

• Rehearse

• Review

• Rehearse

Presentation & Delivery“Teaching is a learned art”

Presentation & Delivery- Your Style

• Memorized vs. ad-lib style

• Notes within PowerPoint

• Automatic slide transitions

• Rehearse your presentation

Lunemann R, Tech Comm, Aug 2008

Presentation & Delivery- Preparing for Success

• Be ready

• Go early

• Test your gear

• Visualize yourself

Pratt C, Public Rel Quart, 2003

Presentation & Delivery- First Impression

• Dress professionally

• Avoid flashy jewelry

• You are NOT trying to stand out

• 1st moments crucial to engage audience

• Be careful with jokes

• Possible “Ice Breakers”

Morgan N, Harvard Manag Comm Letter, May 2002 & Jul 2003

• Give the goals up-front

• Reveal take-home message early

Presentation & Delivery- Non-Verbals

• Eye contact

• Body position

• Gestures

• Speaking

Krattenmaker T, Harvard Manag Comm Letter, Dec 1999

Presentation & Delivery- Voice Control

• Your voice is the most effective tool

• Change the cadence – pauses

• Avoid rapid speech

• Avoid verbal automatisms

• Silence can be effective

Khodarahmi S, Comm World, Feb 2007Bierck R, Harvard Manag Comm Letter, Apr 2001

Presentation & Delivery- Body Control

• Appropriate body image

• Avoid automatisms

• Hand control

• Don’t lean on the podium

• Don’t turn away from the audience

Genard G, Harvard Manag Comm Letter, 2004

Presentation & Delivery- The Ten Be’s

1. Yourself

2. Comfortable

3. Honest

4. Brief

5. Human

6. Personal

7. Positive

8. Attentive

9. Energetic

10.Committed

Obuchowski J, Harvard Manag Comm Letter, 2006Humphrey J, Harvard Manag Comm Letter, Oct 2001

Presentation & Delivery- The Presentation

• You are the primary audiovisual

• Use your slides as enhancement

• Know your talk cold

• Practice

Markel M, Tech Comm, May 2009Baker W, Bus Comm Quarterly, Jun 2004

Presentation & Delivery- Making Slides

• “The basics will go a long way”

Presentation & Delivery- Making Slides

• The Ten Commandments for creating good slides

Harvard Manag Comm Letter, Jul 1999

1. Keep It Simple

• Especially if it is crucial to your talk

• Give it to people straight up

• Minimize the overly complex

• Maximize the relevant

Harvard Manag Comm Letter, Jan 2001

2. Talk More – Show Less

• If you put a bunch of text on the screen and the content is important to your talk, the audience will be much more drawn to your pretty colored slides than listening to you – even if you say the same thing that is on the slide

Robertson A, Tech Comm, Feb 2009

3. Be Visually Consistent

• This Is Hard

• This take compulsiveness.

• Some people dont careSome people dont care

• This Is Hard

All caps vs. only 1st word

• This Is Hard

Period vs. Period vs. No period period

• This Is Hard

Verb tense

• This Is Hard

• Some people don’t CareSome people don’t Care

Shadow & its color

• This Is Hard

• Some people don’t CareSome people don’t Care

• Consistent text color is importantConsistent text color is important

4. One Message Per Slide

• If you violate this rule …

• You’ll violate other commandments

5. No Slide Apologies

• “I’m sorry this doesn’t project well”

• “My colors are hideous”

• “I did this at the last minute”

• Bottom line: slides should be great

6. Design For the Back• Tiny text is no good

• “Prairie dog” real-estate

7. Use Readable Font

• Certain fonts are not options

• As are a bunch of others

• AVOID ALL UPPERCASE

• Avoid Italics

7. Use Readable Font- Standard Typefaces

Comic Sans MS

Verdana

Calibri

Times Roman

Courier

Helvetica

Palatino

7. Use Readable Font- Never Use Red Text

• Why, you ask?

8. Beware Slide Gimmicks

• It can distract the audience to nausea

• Some transitions may be effective

• Slide transitions should be smooth

8. Beware Slide Gimmicks- Animation

• Animating bullets

• Color transitions and fading

• A powerful tool for delivery

Von Hoffman C, Harvard Manag Comm Letter, Jun 1999

8. Beware Slide Gimmicks- Audiovisual

• Imbedded video and sound

• Difficult with some platforms

• File size becomes large

Marton B, Harvard Manag Comm Letter, Apr 2000

9. Make Title Headlines

• Defines the slide

• Focuses the listener

Alley M, Tech Comm, May 2006

10. Drive 55

• 5 words per line

• 5 lines per slide

• Difficult guideline

Katt J, Human Comm, 2008

Exemplary Mistakes“Life as a slide critic”

Internet Junk

• Image quality may be poor

• Often unrelated, unnecessary filler

• You don’t know who owns what

Avoid Internet Junk

Avoid the Collage

• Show important images

• Don’t run images over text

• You are not Andy Warhol

Designer amphetamines

• MDMA (“Ecstacy”)• MDEA• Khat

Use 10 Commandments

• Simplistic

• Important

• Difficult to always do

DuFrene D, Bus Comm Quart, Mar 2004

Toxocariasis - Epidemiology

• Wherever humans and dogs coexist• Humans become infected by the

ingestion of an infected egg

• Larvae hatch in the small intestine and migrate for months through every tissue of the body until they become overwhelmed by the host

Splitting Your Slides

• If a single slide is too busy …

• Distribute related material

• You will connect the material

History• #1 Symptom = joint pain

– exacerbated by passive or active motion– often minimal in immunocompromised– children often will not use affected limb– hip pain often referred to thigh and knee

• Fever reported in 80% children and 40% adults

• Constitutional symptoms inconsistent• Presence of underlying joint disease?• Medications that can alter course?

Watch Auto-formatting

• Inherent in the software• Know your technology

• BacterialbrucellagonococcusH flumeningococcusmycoplasmapneumococcussalmonellaserratiastaphylococcusstrep pneumotreponemavibrio

• ProtozoaToxoplasmaTrypanosoma (Chagas)- most common worldwide

• ParasiticEchinococcusParagonimusTaenia soliumTrichinellaWicheria

• Fungal, Rickettsial, Spirochetal

• ViraladenoviruscoxsackievirusCMVechovirusEBVHep A/B/CHSVHIVinfluenzameaslesRSVVZV

• OtherMedications- toxic and immune mediated

Anthracyclines Ethanol Cocaine

Autoantigens- IBD IDDM Kawasaki’s Sarcoid Scleroderma SLE Wegeners

Heavy Metals

Fastidious Slide-making

• Don’t be rushed• Read your slides carefully• Strictly avoid typos• Show your slides to others

Introduction

• 1942 - US Public Health Service recommended the standard of 50 ppb of As in the nation’s drinking water

• 1975 - Standard of 50 ppb set by the EPA• 1999 - NAS completed a review of existing

data and reccommended that the EPA lower the standard

• 2000 -01 New std of 5 ppb established and then placed on hold by new administration

Avoid Busy, Ugly Slides

• Audience will ignore you• Ugly is ugly

• Take a deep breath…and Take a deep breath…and smilesmile

• Talk to one person at a timeTalk to one person at a time• Beta-blockers if Beta-blockers if absolutelyabsolutely

desperatedesperate• What’s the worst that could What’s the worst that could

happen if you blow it?happen if you blow it?Page W, J of Bus Comm, 1985

Avoid Scanning Stuff

• Hard to do well

• Newspaper

• Charts and legends

• Manuscript masthead

• Rarely aligned in the horizontal

Nerve Block Volumes

Rabies - NC

Crop The Legend

• People focus on the illegible

• You will lose the audience

Plasmids

Watch Title Over-run

Resistant Isolates of StrepNational Pneumococcal Sentinel Surveillance System

Don’t Include Too Much

• Hard to read• Overwhelming• Likely not important

Final Do’s and Don’ts

Do Dress for Success

• Dark rather than light• White / Light shirt• Appropriate tie• Long hair off face• Simple jewelry

Don’t

• Arrive unkempt

• Dress poorly

• Dress down

• Use a pointer• Learn how to use one

Don’t

• Overuse the pointer • Shake the laser pointer• “Color” with the pointer

• Proofread your slides

• More than just the spell-check

• Put blank slides in for breaks / ending

• Use multi-media effectively

Hentz B, Bus Comm Quart, Dec 2006

Don’t

• Put multi-media in because you can• Give up on commandments

• Budget your time• Constrain our content• Make excellent slides• Practice

Giuliano C, Pub Rel Quart, 2003

• Engage the audience with your motions

• Move around with purpose to engage• Maintain eye contact as you move

Don’t

• Pace• Hide• Sit• Rock• Tap

Don’t

• Chew gum• Show pornographic images• Use profanity

Don’t

• Reference religion• Show gratuitous violence• Display over-the-top or “edgy”

pictures– The dead– The horrific

Summary

• Target the audience• Tell the “right” story• Don’t cover too much• “Ten Commandments” of slide making• Engage in good public speaking skills

National Residency Leadership CurriculumQuestions?

National Residency Leadership CurriculumSpecial Thanks!

Funded By:An American College of Emergency Physicians Chapter Grant

Endorsed By:American College of Emergency Physicians

Council of Residency Directors for Emergency MedicineEmergency Medicine Resident’s Association

Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

National Residency Leadership CurriculumSpecial Thanks!

Senior Editors:Stephen Wolf, MD, FACEP

Andrew French, MDMatthew Mendenhall, MD, MPH

Tenet Editors:Britney Anderson, MD

Barbara Blok, MD, FACEPJeffrey Druck, MD, FACEP

Maria Moreira, MDLee Shockley, MD, MBA, FACEP

Administrative Editor:Barbara Burgess

National Residency Leadership CurriculumThank You!

For More Information Please Visit:www.DenverEM.org www.CoACEP.com

Public Communication – Presentations & Public Speaking 1 Presentation Excellence A Core...

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