PROFILING OF AFGHAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK...

Profiling of Afghan arrivals on Greek islands - February 2016 1

PROFILING OF AFGHAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK ISLANDS IN FEBRUARY 2016

NumberofInterviewsofAfghanindividualsconductedontwoGreekislandsinFebruary2016

293

336

Lesvos

Chios

CONTEXT

In themonthofFebruary2016,56,000peoplemadethe journeyacrosstheMediterraneantoGreece. In2015, therewere 856,000 sea arrivals. UNHCR iniHated a data collecHon and analysis exercise with support from the Joint IDPProfilingService(JIPS)inordertobeRerinformthewidercommunityontheprofileofrefugeesarrivingtoGreece,andimproveimmediateresponseandlongertermplanning.Theexercise focusedonSyrian, IraqisandAfghanarrivals,and this factsheet illustrates the resultsof interviewswithAFGHANSduringFebruary2016.

METHODOLOGY TheprofilingexercisewasimplementedontheislandsthatarereceivingthemajorityofthearrivalstoGreece:Chios,Lesvos,andSamos.ThesurveywasadministeredinlocaHonsoneachislandwhereallarrivalspass.Thesurveywasnotadministeredwhileindividualswaitedinline(e.g.,forregistraHon)andminorsandpersonswithmentaldisabiliHeswereinterviewedinthepresenceofacaretaker.A systemaHcpurposive samplingwasuHlized and theenumerators interviewed respondents at regular intervals. Themethodologywas designed using the individual as unit of analysis. The purpose of themethodology is to provide arepresentaHvesampleovertheperiodofonemonth.DatabyGreekauthoriHesonageandgenderbreakdownoftheAfghanpopulaHonsarrivingduringthesameperiodontheislandswereusedtoapplyweightstothedatacollected,toensurearepresentaHonofeachageandgendergroupbasedontheactualdistribuHonofarrivals.Themethodologywas testedandcloselymonitored throughout thedatacollecHonperiod.Three teamsofFarsi/DarispeakingenumeratorsbasedinChios,LesvosandSamosinterviewed779Afghansfrom1to29February.TheFebruaryresultsillustratedinthisfactsheetarerepresentaHveoftheAfghanpopulaHonarrivingtoGreeceinFebruary.This exercise started in January 2016 andwill be repeated eachmonth for the first half of 2016 and resultswill beanalyzedattheendofeachmonthtogiveaprofileofthearrivalsfromthemainnaHonaliHes.

LIMITATIONS

OperaHonal constraints were significant: HmeforconducHngasurveyislimited,tensionsmaybehigh,somelocaHonshadtobele^outduetolackofaccess,etc.Many of the individuals staying overnight inhotelsaswellasunaccompaniedminorsmightnot have been reached. The methodologyaRempted to factor in these challenges asmuch as possible. These challengesmust beconsideredwhenreadingtheprofilingresults. 150

Samos

Profiling of Afghan arrivals on Greek islands - February 2016 2

SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

PROFILING OF AFGHAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK ISLANDS

Children,45% Women,22% Men,34%

Ageandgenderdistribu5onAgeandGenderdistribu5onofinterviewedAfghans

Single,60%

Union,married,39%

Widowed,1%

Maritalstatus

14% of all respondents are students, all ofwhomhaveinterruptedtheireducaHontotakethisjourneyMostfrequentlevelofeducaHoninterruptedis

HIGHSCHOOL.

WhatwasyourmainoccupaAonbackinyourcountryoforigin?*

1% of women interviewed are pregnant 2% of women interviewed are lactating 3% have a physical disability 1% have a mental disability

Spe

cial

nee

ds

Focus: Arrivals

in February 2016

30%ofadult respondentsdidnothaveprofessional acHviHes back in thecountry of origin. Of those, 65% areWOMENand35%areMEN.67%ofallwomenand20% ofallmenindicated no professional/educaHonacHviHes before leaving their place ofresidence.

SERVICE(14%)

EDUCATION(3%)

MANUFACTURING(4%)

HEALTH(1%)

TRANSPORT(3%) RETAIL(2%)

AGRICULTURE(9%)

ADMINISTRATION(2%)CONSTRUCTION(17%)SECURITY(4%)

2%

3%

4%

4%

6%

5%

16%

1%

2%

3%

3%

4%

13%

13%

21%

1%

0 to 1

2 to 4

5 to 9

10 to 14

15 to 18

19 to 24

25 to 59

60 and above

% of the interviewed population

Age

gro

ups

AgeandGenderbreakdownofinterviewedAfghans

men women

For a global overview of the age/gender breakdown of the arrivals, go to: from: http://data.unhcr.org/mediterranean/regional.php

30%

19%

16%

25%

9%

15%

29%

30%

25%

0%

None

Primary

Secondary

HighSchool

University

Highestlevelofeduca5onachievedfor>4yr-old

Adult Children

OTHER(2%)

PETTYTRADE(4%)

48% 48% 5%

Religion

IslamShia IslamSunni Other

EducaHon

Religion&Ethnicity

ProfessionalBackground

*onlyfor18yearsoldandabove

5%2%

3%9% 39% 43%

Ethnicity

Other Uzbek Sadat Pashtun Hazara Tajik

ART(1%)

FOOD(1%)

IT(1%)

MEDIA(1%)

STUDENT(3%)

Profiling of Afghan arrivals on Greek islands - February 2016 3

INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT

IneverlivedinAFG

12%

No18%

Yes,70%

Internallydisplacedduetoviolence/conflictinAfghanistanbeforejourney

REASONS TO LEAVE AFGHANISTAN

80%

2%

1%

1%

1%

1%

1%

12%

Conflict/Violence

Economic

EducaHon

Othertypeofviolence

PersecuHon(orfearof)

DiscriminaHon

Other

NeverlivedinAfghanistan

Mainreasontoleavethecountryoforigin

Focus: Arrivals

in February 2016 PROFILING OF AFGHAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK ISLANDS

JOURNEY

12%6%

0.3% 1% 0.4% 1% 1% 3%

15%

60%

NeverlivedinAfghanistan

Before2009 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Distribu5onofrespondentsbyyearofdeparturefromAfghanistan

48daysAverage duraHon of travelfor those moving directlyfromAfghanistantoGreece

2%

6%

23%

69%

<1week

1to2weeks

2weekstoamonth

Morethanamonth

Distribu5onby5mespentenroute

60%ofallrespondentsle^Afghanistanin201615%ofallrespondentsle^Afghanistanin2015

ProvincesoforigininAfghanistan

Kabul18%

Hirat14%

Balkh5%

Kunduz8%

Ghazni9%

Wardak7%

Parwan7%

Profiling of Afghan arrivals on Greek islands - February 2016 4

ROUTES

FourmainroutestakenbyAfghanstoreachGreece

36%-AFGHANISTAN>PAKISTAN>IRAN>TURKEY>GREECE(AfghanscomingdirectlyfromAfghanistan).35%-AFGHANISTAN>IRAN>TURKEY>GREECE(Afghanscomingdirectlyfrom

Afghanistan).26%-IRAN>TURKEY>GREECE(AfghanspreviouslylivinginIran).1%-TURKEY>GREECE(AfghanspreviouslylivinginTurkey).<3%-OTHERROUTES.

5%ofrespondentsindicatedthattheyhadmadepreviousaRempt(s)tocrosstheborderbetweenTurkeyandGreece.

FINANCE 36%

24%

25%

9%

2%

Borrowingfromfriends,family

Soldassets

Ownsavings

Familypaidforthejourney

Workedduringthejourney

Mainwaystofinancethejourney

Focus: Arrivals

in February 2016 PROFILING OF AFGHAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK ISLANDS

REASONS FOR CHOOSING THE DESTINATION COUNTRY

46%

16% 15% 15%11%

8% 8%5%

1% 2%0%

Didn'tchoose EducaHon FamilyreunificaHon

Fasterasylumprocess

Respectforhumanrights,

safety

Feelwelcomethere

Economic Communityofmyculture

Welfaresystem Don’tknow Don’twanttoanswer

MainroutesforAfghantravellingtoGreece

*in%ofrespondents.RespondentscouldprovidemulHpleanswer,hencetotalofallanswerscanbeabove100%

Profiling of Afghan arrivals on Greek islands - February 2016 5

Focus: Arrivals

in February 2016 PROFILING OF AFGHAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK ISLANDS

RentedaccommodaHon

68%

Hostedbyfriends,family

22%

Camps,sites5%

Publicbuilding1%

Ownproperty2%

Other2%

Mainaccommoda5onincountrieswherepeoplestayedfor6monthsormoreoutsideAfghanistan

12%oftheAfghansrespondentsactuallynever lived in Afghanistan but were bornandlivedinIran.

16% lived in another country (notAfghanistan) for 6months ormore beforestarHng the journey to Europe. Averagestayinthecountryofresidencewasoftwoandhalfyears.Main countries where people stayedfor 6 months or more outside ofAfghanistan

IRAN(14%ofallrespondents)PAKISTAN(1%)TURKEY(1%)

77% of those who stayed in anothercountry formore than 6months reportedhaving no legal documentaHon in thatcountry.Theresthadtemporaryresidence(10%),refugeecard(6%),workpermit(4%)orotherdocuments(3%).

43%

19%

12%

10%

4%

2%

2%

2%

2%

1%

1%

1%

Fearofexpulsion

Lackofdocument

Jobadequatetotheirskills,meetsbasiclivingexpenses,avoidexploitaHon

DiscriminaHon

EducaHon

Fearofforcedrecruitment

Othertypeofviolence

Conflict,violence

SurvivalessenHalsarenotmet

PersecuHonorfearoffuturepersecuHon

Reunifywithfamilyabroad

Don’twanttoanswer

Mainreasonfordeparturefromcountrieswherepeoplestayedfor6monthsormoreoutsideAfghanistan

COUNTRIES WHERE PEOPLE STAYED FOR 6 MONTHS OR MORE - OUTSIDE AFGHANISTAN

19%11%

70%

6monthstoayear 1to2years Morethan2years

Distribu5onof5mespentincountrieswherepeoplestayedfor6monthsormoreoutside

Afghanistan

TRAVELLING GROUP 65% of all respondents are travelling at leastwith a close FAMILY MEMBER (child, spouse,parentandsibling).12%aretravellingatleastwithamember of their extended family (in-law, uncle,aunt,cousin,etc.).

27%ofallrespondentsaretravellingALONE.

65%

12%4%

27%

Closefamily Extendedfamiliy Friends,colleagues

Alone

Whoareyoutravellingwith?*

*in%ofrespondents.RespondentscouldprovidemulHpleanswer,hencetotalofallanswerscanbeabove100%

Profiling of Afghan arrivals on Greek islands - February 2016 6

TRAVELLING GROUP

ACCESS TO INFORMATION RELATED TO JOURNEY (ROUTE, PROCESS, etc.)

2% of respondents were part of a singlemale-headedhouseholdwhiletravelling.

4% of respondents were part of a singlefemale-headedhouseholdwhiletravelling.LimitaHon:9%oftheenHresampleidenHfiedthemselves as Unaccompanied Children.However, access to separate spaces forunaccompanied children was not alwayspossible.

73%

20%

8%

5%

6%

2%

1%

Smugglers

Travelcompanions

FriendsandfamilyatdesHnaHon

Callingindividualaheadofus

Socialmedia

Mobileapp

Other

Informa5onsourcesused*

36%

26%

23%

11%

6%

4%

2%

1%

None

NoSIMcard

Nophone

NointernetconnecHon

NoinformaHoninmylanguage

Noaccesstotrustworthyinfo

ContradicHnginformaHon

Nophonecredit

Mainchallengestoaccessinforma5on*

63%

22% 18%

5% 3% 2% 2% 2%

Lackoffinancialresources

Didn'twanttocome Journeyistoorisky Toovulnerabletotravel

Don’tknow Looka^errelaHves Iwasmoreatrisk Other

Whydidhouseholdmembersstaybehind?*

Focus: Arrivals

in February 2016

*in%ofrespondents.RespondentscouldprovidemulHpleanswer,hencetotalofallanswerscanbeabove100%

PROFILING OF AFGHAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK ISLANDS

67% of respondents withclose family members thatwere le^ behind, plan toeventuallybringthemtothecountryofdesHnaHon13%

59%

29% %whoindicatedhavingle]behindaSPOUSE

%whoindicatedhavingle]behindCHILDREN

%whoindicatedhavingle]behindPARENTS

For respondents travelling with close and/or extended family,on average the travelling family is composed of: MALES: 1.5 minors, 1.5 adults FEMALES: 1.3 minor, 1.2 adults

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.5

The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)Supported by The Joint IDP Profiling Service (JIPS)

Contact:

Profiling of Afghan arrivals on Greek islands - February 2016 7

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on the maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. ForUNHCR:DauniaPavone,SeniorRegionalIMEurope,

pavone@unhcr.organdIoannisPapachristodoulou,UNHCRGreeceIM,papachri@unhcr.orgForJIPS:DamienJusselme,ProfilingAdvisor,jusselme@jips.org

Other sources: from: http://data.unhcr.org/mediterranean/regional.php

PROFILING OF AFGHAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK ISLANDS

ASSISTANCE RECEIVED EN ROUTE AND GAPS

PROTECTION

56%52%41%39%38%35%33%29%19%19%17%6%4%2%1%

ShelterFood

WASHfaciliHesElectricity

Blanket,sleepingbagsClothes/shoes

MedicalInformaHoninmylanguage

SafespaceforwomenSafespaceforchildren

CommunicaHonPsycho-socialsupport

LegalassistanceHelptoaccessmoneytransfer

Cashassistance

Accesstoassistanceinanycountryenroute(%ofrespondentswhoreceived...)

Assistance gaps en route iden_fied byrespondents:inTURKEY:#1Food(41%),#2Shelter(24%),#3Blanket(12%)

in IRAN: #1 Food (33%), #2Blanket (22%), #3Shelter(20%)

36% of respondents directly witnessed orexperienced protecHon incidents during thejourney.

1%

1%

2%

2%

2%

5%

5%

7%

10%

26%

39%

Sexualviolence

ARemptofshipwreck

Heldagainsthis/herwill

ForcedseparaHon

Deathofafamilymember

EmoHonalabuse

DetenHon

Shipwreck

ShooHng,threatofshooHng

Robbery,the^

Physicalassault

Protec5onincidentwitnessedorexperienced

56%

22%

11% 10%2%

Iran Turkey Pakistan Atsea Other

Wheredidtheincidentoccur(country/sea)?

36%

12%

3% 1%4%

1%

Transport Publicspace Shelter Camp,site Other Don’tknow

Wheredidtheincidentoccur(loca5on)?

14%ofrespondentshavebeenseparatedfromafamilymemberduringthejourney.SeparaHonstookplaceatbordersinIranorTurkey.Lessthana10%hadfoundtheseparatedindividualsattheHmeoftheinterview.

Focus: Arrivals

in February 2016