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Profiling of Afghan arrivals on Greek islands - February 2016 1
PROFILING OF AFGHAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK ISLANDS IN FEBRUARY 2016
NumberofInterviewsofAfghanindividualsconductedontwoGreekislandsinFebruary2016
293
336
Lesvos
Chios
CONTEXT
In themonthofFebruary2016,56,000peoplemadethe journeyacrosstheMediterraneantoGreece. In2015, therewere 856,000 sea arrivals. UNHCR iniHated a data collecHon and analysis exercise with support from the Joint IDPProfilingService(JIPS)inordertobeRerinformthewidercommunityontheprofileofrefugeesarrivingtoGreece,andimproveimmediateresponseandlongertermplanning.Theexercise focusedonSyrian, IraqisandAfghanarrivals,and this factsheet illustrates the resultsof interviewswithAFGHANSduringFebruary2016.
METHODOLOGY TheprofilingexercisewasimplementedontheislandsthatarereceivingthemajorityofthearrivalstoGreece:Chios,Lesvos,andSamos.ThesurveywasadministeredinlocaHonsoneachislandwhereallarrivalspass.Thesurveywasnotadministeredwhileindividualswaitedinline(e.g.,forregistraHon)andminorsandpersonswithmentaldisabiliHeswereinterviewedinthepresenceofacaretaker.A systemaHcpurposive samplingwasuHlized and theenumerators interviewed respondents at regular intervals. Themethodologywas designed using the individual as unit of analysis. The purpose of themethodology is to provide arepresentaHvesampleovertheperiodofonemonth.DatabyGreekauthoriHesonageandgenderbreakdownoftheAfghanpopulaHonsarrivingduringthesameperiodontheislandswereusedtoapplyweightstothedatacollected,toensurearepresentaHonofeachageandgendergroupbasedontheactualdistribuHonofarrivals.Themethodologywas testedandcloselymonitored throughout thedatacollecHonperiod.Three teamsofFarsi/DarispeakingenumeratorsbasedinChios,LesvosandSamosinterviewed779Afghansfrom1to29February.TheFebruaryresultsillustratedinthisfactsheetarerepresentaHveoftheAfghanpopulaHonarrivingtoGreeceinFebruary.This exercise started in January 2016 andwill be repeated eachmonth for the first half of 2016 and resultswill beanalyzedattheendofeachmonthtogiveaprofileofthearrivalsfromthemainnaHonaliHes.
LIMITATIONS
OperaHonal constraints were significant: HmeforconducHngasurveyislimited,tensionsmaybehigh,somelocaHonshadtobele^outduetolackofaccess,etc.Many of the individuals staying overnight inhotelsaswellasunaccompaniedminorsmightnot have been reached. The methodologyaRempted to factor in these challenges asmuch as possible. These challengesmust beconsideredwhenreadingtheprofilingresults. 150
Samos
Profiling of Afghan arrivals on Greek islands - February 2016 2
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
PROFILING OF AFGHAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK ISLANDS
Children,45% Women,22% Men,34%
Ageandgenderdistribu5onAgeandGenderdistribu5onofinterviewedAfghans
Single,60%
Union,married,39%
Widowed,1%
Maritalstatus
14% of all respondents are students, all ofwhomhaveinterruptedtheireducaHontotakethisjourneyMostfrequentlevelofeducaHoninterruptedis
HIGHSCHOOL.
WhatwasyourmainoccupaAonbackinyourcountryoforigin?*
1% of women interviewed are pregnant 2% of women interviewed are lactating 3% have a physical disability 1% have a mental disability
Spe
cial
nee
ds
Focus: Arrivals
in February 2016
30%ofadult respondentsdidnothaveprofessional acHviHes back in thecountry of origin. Of those, 65% areWOMENand35%areMEN.67%ofallwomenand20% ofallmenindicated no professional/educaHonacHviHes before leaving their place ofresidence.
SERVICE(14%)
EDUCATION(3%)
MANUFACTURING(4%)
HEALTH(1%)
TRANSPORT(3%) RETAIL(2%)
AGRICULTURE(9%)
ADMINISTRATION(2%)CONSTRUCTION(17%)SECURITY(4%)
2%
3%
4%
4%
6%
5%
16%
1%
2%
3%
3%
4%
13%
13%
21%
1%
0 to 1
2 to 4
5 to 9
10 to 14
15 to 18
19 to 24
25 to 59
60 and above
% of the interviewed population
Age
gro
ups
AgeandGenderbreakdownofinterviewedAfghans
men women
For a global overview of the age/gender breakdown of the arrivals, go to: from: http://data.unhcr.org/mediterranean/regional.php
30%
19%
16%
25%
9%
15%
29%
30%
25%
0%
None
Primary
Secondary
HighSchool
University
Highestlevelofeduca5onachievedfor>4yr-old
Adult Children
OTHER(2%)
PETTYTRADE(4%)
48% 48% 5%
Religion
IslamShia IslamSunni Other
EducaHon
Religion&Ethnicity
ProfessionalBackground
*onlyfor18yearsoldandabove
5%2%
3%9% 39% 43%
Ethnicity
Other Uzbek Sadat Pashtun Hazara Tajik
ART(1%)
FOOD(1%)
IT(1%)
MEDIA(1%)
STUDENT(3%)
Profiling of Afghan arrivals on Greek islands - February 2016 3
INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT
IneverlivedinAFG
12%
No18%
Yes,70%
Internallydisplacedduetoviolence/conflictinAfghanistanbeforejourney
REASONS TO LEAVE AFGHANISTAN
80%
2%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
12%
Conflict/Violence
Economic
EducaHon
Othertypeofviolence
PersecuHon(orfearof)
DiscriminaHon
Other
NeverlivedinAfghanistan
Mainreasontoleavethecountryoforigin
Focus: Arrivals
in February 2016 PROFILING OF AFGHAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK ISLANDS
JOURNEY
12%6%
0.3% 1% 0.4% 1% 1% 3%
15%
60%
NeverlivedinAfghanistan
Before2009 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Distribu5onofrespondentsbyyearofdeparturefromAfghanistan
48daysAverage duraHon of travelfor those moving directlyfromAfghanistantoGreece
2%
6%
23%
69%
<1week
1to2weeks
2weekstoamonth
Morethanamonth
Distribu5onby5mespentenroute
60%ofallrespondentsle^Afghanistanin201615%ofallrespondentsle^Afghanistanin2015
ProvincesoforigininAfghanistan
Kabul18%
Hirat14%
Balkh5%
Kunduz8%
Ghazni9%
Wardak7%
Parwan7%
Profiling of Afghan arrivals on Greek islands - February 2016 4
ROUTES
FourmainroutestakenbyAfghanstoreachGreece
36%-AFGHANISTAN>PAKISTAN>IRAN>TURKEY>GREECE(AfghanscomingdirectlyfromAfghanistan).35%-AFGHANISTAN>IRAN>TURKEY>GREECE(Afghanscomingdirectlyfrom
Afghanistan).26%-IRAN>TURKEY>GREECE(AfghanspreviouslylivinginIran).1%-TURKEY>GREECE(AfghanspreviouslylivinginTurkey).<3%-OTHERROUTES.
5%ofrespondentsindicatedthattheyhadmadepreviousaRempt(s)tocrosstheborderbetweenTurkeyandGreece.
FINANCE 36%
24%
25%
9%
2%
Borrowingfromfriends,family
Soldassets
Ownsavings
Familypaidforthejourney
Workedduringthejourney
Mainwaystofinancethejourney
Focus: Arrivals
in February 2016 PROFILING OF AFGHAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK ISLANDS
REASONS FOR CHOOSING THE DESTINATION COUNTRY
46%
16% 15% 15%11%
8% 8%5%
1% 2%0%
Didn'tchoose EducaHon FamilyreunificaHon
Fasterasylumprocess
Respectforhumanrights,
safety
Feelwelcomethere
Economic Communityofmyculture
Welfaresystem Don’tknow Don’twanttoanswer
MainroutesforAfghantravellingtoGreece
*in%ofrespondents.RespondentscouldprovidemulHpleanswer,hencetotalofallanswerscanbeabove100%
Profiling of Afghan arrivals on Greek islands - February 2016 5
Focus: Arrivals
in February 2016 PROFILING OF AFGHAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK ISLANDS
RentedaccommodaHon
68%
Hostedbyfriends,family
22%
Camps,sites5%
Publicbuilding1%
Ownproperty2%
Other2%
Mainaccommoda5onincountrieswherepeoplestayedfor6monthsormoreoutsideAfghanistan
12%oftheAfghansrespondentsactuallynever lived in Afghanistan but were bornandlivedinIran.
16% lived in another country (notAfghanistan) for 6months ormore beforestarHng the journey to Europe. Averagestayinthecountryofresidencewasoftwoandhalfyears.Main countries where people stayedfor 6 months or more outside ofAfghanistan
IRAN(14%ofallrespondents)PAKISTAN(1%)TURKEY(1%)
77% of those who stayed in anothercountry formore than 6months reportedhaving no legal documentaHon in thatcountry.Theresthadtemporaryresidence(10%),refugeecard(6%),workpermit(4%)orotherdocuments(3%).
43%
19%
12%
10%
4%
2%
2%
2%
2%
1%
1%
1%
Fearofexpulsion
Lackofdocument
Jobadequatetotheirskills,meetsbasiclivingexpenses,avoidexploitaHon
DiscriminaHon
EducaHon
Fearofforcedrecruitment
Othertypeofviolence
Conflict,violence
SurvivalessenHalsarenotmet
PersecuHonorfearoffuturepersecuHon
Reunifywithfamilyabroad
Don’twanttoanswer
Mainreasonfordeparturefromcountrieswherepeoplestayedfor6monthsormoreoutsideAfghanistan
COUNTRIES WHERE PEOPLE STAYED FOR 6 MONTHS OR MORE - OUTSIDE AFGHANISTAN
19%11%
70%
6monthstoayear 1to2years Morethan2years
Distribu5onof5mespentincountrieswherepeoplestayedfor6monthsormoreoutside
Afghanistan
TRAVELLING GROUP 65% of all respondents are travelling at leastwith a close FAMILY MEMBER (child, spouse,parentandsibling).12%aretravellingatleastwithamember of their extended family (in-law, uncle,aunt,cousin,etc.).
27%ofallrespondentsaretravellingALONE.
65%
12%4%
27%
Closefamily Extendedfamiliy Friends,colleagues
Alone
Whoareyoutravellingwith?*
*in%ofrespondents.RespondentscouldprovidemulHpleanswer,hencetotalofallanswerscanbeabove100%
Profiling of Afghan arrivals on Greek islands - February 2016 6
TRAVELLING GROUP
ACCESS TO INFORMATION RELATED TO JOURNEY (ROUTE, PROCESS, etc.)
2% of respondents were part of a singlemale-headedhouseholdwhiletravelling.
4% of respondents were part of a singlefemale-headedhouseholdwhiletravelling.LimitaHon:9%oftheenHresampleidenHfiedthemselves as Unaccompanied Children.However, access to separate spaces forunaccompanied children was not alwayspossible.
73%
20%
8%
5%
6%
2%
1%
Smugglers
Travelcompanions
FriendsandfamilyatdesHnaHon
Callingindividualaheadofus
Socialmedia
Mobileapp
Other
Informa5onsourcesused*
36%
26%
23%
11%
6%
4%
2%
1%
None
NoSIMcard
Nophone
NointernetconnecHon
NoinformaHoninmylanguage
Noaccesstotrustworthyinfo
ContradicHnginformaHon
Nophonecredit
Mainchallengestoaccessinforma5on*
63%
22% 18%
5% 3% 2% 2% 2%
Lackoffinancialresources
Didn'twanttocome Journeyistoorisky Toovulnerabletotravel
Don’tknow Looka^errelaHves Iwasmoreatrisk Other
Whydidhouseholdmembersstaybehind?*
Focus: Arrivals
in February 2016
*in%ofrespondents.RespondentscouldprovidemulHpleanswer,hencetotalofallanswerscanbeabove100%
PROFILING OF AFGHAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK ISLANDS
67% of respondents withclose family members thatwere le^ behind, plan toeventuallybringthemtothecountryofdesHnaHon13%
59%
29% %whoindicatedhavingle]behindaSPOUSE
%whoindicatedhavingle]behindCHILDREN
%whoindicatedhavingle]behindPARENTS
For respondents travelling with close and/or extended family,on average the travelling family is composed of: MALES: 1.5 minors, 1.5 adults FEMALES: 1.3 minor, 1.2 adults
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.5
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)Supported by The Joint IDP Profiling Service (JIPS)
Contact:
Profiling of Afghan arrivals on Greek islands - February 2016 7
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on the maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. ForUNHCR:DauniaPavone,SeniorRegionalIMEurope,
[email protected],UNHCRGreeceIM,[email protected]:DamienJusselme,ProfilingAdvisor,[email protected]
Other sources: from: http://data.unhcr.org/mediterranean/regional.php
PROFILING OF AFGHAN ARRIVALS ON GREEK ISLANDS
ASSISTANCE RECEIVED EN ROUTE AND GAPS
PROTECTION
56%52%41%39%38%35%33%29%19%19%17%6%4%2%1%
ShelterFood
WASHfaciliHesElectricity
Blanket,sleepingbagsClothes/shoes
MedicalInformaHoninmylanguage
SafespaceforwomenSafespaceforchildren
CommunicaHonPsycho-socialsupport
LegalassistanceHelptoaccessmoneytransfer
Cashassistance
Accesstoassistanceinanycountryenroute(%ofrespondentswhoreceived...)
Assistance gaps en route iden_fied byrespondents:inTURKEY:#1Food(41%),#2Shelter(24%),#3Blanket(12%)
in IRAN: #1 Food (33%), #2Blanket (22%), #3Shelter(20%)
36% of respondents directly witnessed orexperienced protecHon incidents during thejourney.
1%
1%
2%
2%
2%
5%
5%
7%
10%
26%
39%
Sexualviolence
ARemptofshipwreck
Heldagainsthis/herwill
ForcedseparaHon
Deathofafamilymember
EmoHonalabuse
DetenHon
Shipwreck
ShooHng,threatofshooHng
Robbery,the^
Physicalassault
Protec5onincidentwitnessedorexperienced
56%
22%
11% 10%2%
Iran Turkey Pakistan Atsea Other
Wheredidtheincidentoccur(country/sea)?
36%
12%
3% 1%4%
1%
Transport Publicspace Shelter Camp,site Other Don’tknow
Wheredidtheincidentoccur(loca5on)?
14%ofrespondentshavebeenseparatedfromafamilymemberduringthejourney.SeparaHonstookplaceatbordersinIranorTurkey.Lessthana10%hadfoundtheseparatedindividualsattheHmeoftheinterview.
Focus: Arrivals
in February 2016
