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GROUP 4NURUL AFZANI BINTI
ISMAIL
KHUSRINADIRA BINTI
MOHAMED
AINU AMIRAH BINTI
MOHAMAD AZAM
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1) Make a list of derivational suffixesin English and show how they are used
to make new words from existing bases.
2)What inflexional suffixes are to befound in (nouns, verbs, adjectivesinEnglish)? Discuss the function of eachinflexional function.
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INTRODUCTION
SUFFIXES
is a group ofletters placedat the end of aword to makea new word.
Derivational suffixes
Inflexional suffixes
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COMPARISION
Derivational Suffixes Inflexional Suffixes
A suffix is often added to a verb or
adjective to form a new noun with a
different meaning
A suffix that changes the grammatical role
of a word in a sentence
It changes both the meaning and the
word class
It do not change the meaning of the
original word
Examples
:Adjective--dark: darknessVerb--agree: agreement
Noun--friend: friendship"
Example, changing singular to plural (dog
> dogs), or changing present tense to pasttense (walk > walked)
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DERIVATIONALSUFFIXES
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SUFFIX TYPE GRAMMATICAL CHANGE EXAMPLE
NOUN -
FORMINGSUFFIXES
VERB --> NOUN speak + er
ADJECTIVE --> NOUN economic + s
VERB -FORMING
SUFFIXES
NOUN --> VERB person + al
ADJECTIVE --> VERB act + ive
ADJECTIVE -
FORMING
SUFFIXES
NOUN --> ADJECTIVE victim + ize
VERB --> ADJECTIVE vocal + ize
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Noun-Forming Suffixes
Suffix form Suffix Meanings Example Literal meaning
General
-ic
'a thing'
'a substance'
'one that is related to'
'that which pertains
to'
topic'that which pertains to
a place'
-ment segment 'a thing which is cut'
-s pathos 'the feeling'
-um album 'a white thing'
-ure nature
'the properties of
something present
from birth'
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Suffix form Suffix Meanings Example Literal meaning
Abstract
-ence /-ance
'an act of'
'a state of''the process of'
'the result of'
prominence 'the result of juttingforth'
-ion action 'the result of acting'
-ive missive
'the result of
sending' (or 'that
which was sent')
-sis genesis
'the process of
birth' ('the
beginning')
-y biology
'the act of studying
living things' (or'the study of life
forms')
-ism'the belief'
'the practice'baptism
'the practice of
dipping'
-ity [name of a quality] verity'the quality of being
true'
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Agent
-ate'one who'
'that which'
advocate
'one who speaks
toward (for)
something'
-er / -or worker 'one who works'
-ent / -ant servant 'one who serves'
-ist'one who engages in
a belief or practice'communist
'one who practices
communism'
Location
-arium
'a place where'
aquarium'a place where water
is'
-ary / -ory dormitory 'a place for sleeping'
-ia'the land'
'the area'suburbia
'the land below thecity' (i.e. 'the area
secondary to the
city')
Diminuative
-le / -ole / -cle 'little' muscle 'a little mouse'
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SUFFIX
FORM
SUFFIX
MEANINGSEXAMPLE
LITERAL
MEANING
-ate to VERB liberate 'to free'
-ize'to cause to'
vocalize'to make
vocal''to make'
-sc / -esc
'to become'
convalesce
'to become
much
stronger''to change
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SUFFIX
FORM
SUFFIX
MEANINGSEXAMPLE
LITERAL
MEANING
-able / -ible able to adorable 'able to be adored'
-al
'having
'being
'pertaining to
'VERB + ing'
natal 'pertaining to birth'
-ary / -ory sensory 'pertaining to feeling'
-ate irate 'having anger (ire)'
-ent / -ant fluent 'flowing'
-ic chronic 'pertaining to time'
-ile senile 'being old'
-ine canine 'pertaining to dogs'
-ite finite 'having an end'
-ive cursive 'running'
-ous dolorous 'suffering'
-oid resembling android 'resembling a man'
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inflexionalSUFFIXES
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Inflexional suffixes arerequired to make a
sentence grammaticallycorrect, but they add little
meaning to the word
They never change a wordfrom one grammatical class
to another, but eachgrammatical class has its
own special set ofinflectional suffixes
Consequently, these
suffixes can be useful inhelping you determine
whether the word isa NOUN, VERB,or ADJECTIVE
FUNCTION EXAMPLE
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Types SUFFIX
FUNCTION
(GRAMMATICAL
CHANGE)
EXAMPLE
ORIGINAL
WORD
EXAMPLE SUFFIXED WORD
NOUNS
-s plural girl The two girls had eaten dinner.
- s possessive cat The cats tail was twitching.
-en plural (irregular) ox The oxen live in hilly areas.
VERBS
-s 3rd
person singularpresent tense bark The smaller dog barks a lot.
-ed past tense bark The blackest dog never barked.
-ing continuous/progressive twitch The cat's tail was twitching.
-en past participle eat The two girls had eaten dinner.
ADJECTIVES
-er comparative small The smaller dog barks a lot.
-est superlative black The blackest dog never barked
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The noun suffixes -s and -'s indicate eitherplurality or possession.They both sound thesame in the spoken
language, although theyare distinguished in thewritten form.
Verbs have foursuffixes: -ed, -s, -ing, -en. Their main functionis to distinguish thetense of the verb.Notice that verbs alsohave a suffix -s,although in this case itindicates that the verbis present tense andbeing used with a
third-person subject,i.e. something otherthan "I" or "you."
The adjectivesuffixes -er and -
est are alsoconsideredinflectional. They areused when comparingtwo things (-er) ormore than two things
(-est).
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REFERENCES http://pages.uoregon.edu/l150web/weblec1.4.html
http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/suffixes.ht
m
http://duhoc-
online.net/modfnet/Librarian/eBooks/English/Voca
bulary%20and%20Idioms/WordFormationInEnglish.
http://lexsrv3.nlm.nih.gov/LexSysGroup/Projects/lv
g/2012/docs/designDoc/UDF/derivations/suffixList.
html
http://pages.uoregon.edu/l150web/weblec1.4.htmlhttp://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/suffixes.htmhttp://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/suffixes.htmhttp://duhoc-online.net/modfnet/Librarian/eBooks/English/Vocabulary%20and%20Idioms/WordFormationInEnglish.pdfhttp://duhoc-online.net/modfnet/Librarian/eBooks/English/Vocabulary%20and%20Idioms/WordFormationInEnglish.pdfhttp://duhoc-online.net/modfnet/Librarian/eBooks/English/Vocabulary%20and%20Idioms/WordFormationInEnglish.pdfhttp://duhoc-online.net/modfnet/Librarian/eBooks/English/Vocabulary%20and%20Idioms/WordFormationInEnglish.pdfhttp://lexsrv3.nlm.nih.gov/LexSysGroup/Projects/lvg/2012/docs/designDoc/UDF/derivations/suffixList.htmlhttp://lexsrv3.nlm.nih.gov/LexSysGroup/Projects/lvg/2012/docs/designDoc/UDF/derivations/suffixList.htmlhttp://lexsrv3.nlm.nih.gov/LexSysGroup/Projects/lvg/2012/docs/designDoc/UDF/derivations/suffixList.htmlhttp://lexsrv3.nlm.nih.gov/LexSysGroup/Projects/lvg/2012/docs/designDoc/UDF/derivations/suffixList.htmlhttp://lexsrv3.nlm.nih.gov/LexSysGroup/Projects/lvg/2012/docs/designDoc/UDF/derivations/suffixList.htmlhttp://lexsrv3.nlm.nih.gov/LexSysGroup/Projects/lvg/2012/docs/designDoc/UDF/derivations/suffixList.htmlhttp://duhoc-online.net/modfnet/Librarian/eBooks/English/Vocabulary%20and%20Idioms/WordFormationInEnglish.pdfhttp://duhoc-online.net/modfnet/Librarian/eBooks/English/Vocabulary%20and%20Idioms/WordFormationInEnglish.pdfhttp://duhoc-online.net/modfnet/Librarian/eBooks/English/Vocabulary%20and%20Idioms/WordFormationInEnglish.pdfhttp://duhoc-online.net/modfnet/Librarian/eBooks/English/Vocabulary%20and%20Idioms/WordFormationInEnglish.pdfhttp://duhoc-online.net/modfnet/Librarian/eBooks/English/Vocabulary%20and%20Idioms/WordFormationInEnglish.pdfhttp://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/suffixes.htmhttp://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/suffixes.htmhttp://pages.uoregon.edu/l150web/weblec1.4.html7/29/2019 Present ELE3103
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DONT FORGET
TO SMILE ;)
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