Present ELE3103

7/29/2019 Present ELE3103

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GROUP 4NURUL AFZANI BINTI

ISMAIL

KHUSRINADIRA BINTI

MOHAMED

AINU AMIRAH BINTI

MOHAMAD AZAM


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1) Make a list of derivational suffixesin English and show how they are used

to make new words from existing bases.

2)What inflexional suffixes are to befound in (nouns, verbs, adjectivesinEnglish)? Discuss the function of eachinflexional function.


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INTRODUCTION

SUFFIXES

is a group ofletters placedat the end of aword to makea new word.

Derivational suffixes

Inflexional suffixes


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COMPARISION

Derivational Suffixes Inflexional Suffixes

A suffix is often added to a verb or

adjective to form a new noun with a

different meaning

A suffix that changes the grammatical role

of a word in a sentence

It changes both the meaning and the

word class

It do not change the meaning of the

original word

Examples

:Adjective--dark: darknessVerb--agree: agreement

Noun--friend: friendship"

Example, changing singular to plural (dog

> dogs), or changing present tense to pasttense (walk > walked)


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DERIVATIONALSUFFIXES


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SUFFIX TYPE GRAMMATICAL CHANGE EXAMPLE

NOUN -

FORMINGSUFFIXES

VERB --> NOUN speak + er

ADJECTIVE --> NOUN economic + s

VERB -FORMING

SUFFIXES

NOUN --> VERB person + al

ADJECTIVE --> VERB act + ive

ADJECTIVE -

FORMING

SUFFIXES

NOUN --> ADJECTIVE victim + ize

VERB --> ADJECTIVE vocal + ize


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Noun-Forming Suffixes

Suffix form Suffix Meanings Example Literal meaning

General

-ic

'a thing'

'a substance'

'one that is related to'

'that which pertains

to'

topic'that which pertains to

a place'

-ment segment 'a thing which is cut'

-s pathos 'the feeling'

-um album 'a white thing'

-ure nature

'the properties of

something present

from birth'


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Suffix form Suffix Meanings Example Literal meaning

Abstract

-ence /-ance

'an act of'

'a state of''the process of'

'the result of'

prominence 'the result of juttingforth'

-ion action 'the result of acting'

-ive missive

'the result of

sending' (or 'that

which was sent')

-sis genesis

'the process of

birth' ('the

beginning')

-y biology

'the act of studying

living things' (or'the study of life

forms')

-ism'the belief'

'the practice'baptism

'the practice of

dipping'

-ity [name of a quality] verity'the quality of being

true'


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Agent

-ate'one who'

'that which'

advocate

'one who speaks

toward (for)

something'

-er / -or worker 'one who works'

-ent / -ant servant 'one who serves'

-ist'one who engages in

a belief or practice'communist

'one who practices

communism'

Location

-arium

'a place where'

aquarium'a place where water

is'

-ary / -ory dormitory 'a place for sleeping'

-ia'the land'

'the area'suburbia

'the land below thecity' (i.e. 'the area

secondary to the

city')

Diminuative

-le / -ole / -cle 'little' muscle 'a little mouse'


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SUFFIX

FORM

SUFFIX

MEANINGSEXAMPLE

LITERAL

MEANING

-ate to VERB liberate 'to free'

-ize'to cause to'

vocalize'to make

vocal''to make'

-sc / -esc

'to become'

convalesce

'to become

much

stronger''to change


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SUFFIX

FORM

SUFFIX

MEANINGSEXAMPLE

LITERAL

MEANING

-able / -ible able to adorable 'able to be adored'

-al

'having

'being

'pertaining to

'VERB + ing'

natal 'pertaining to birth'

-ary / -ory sensory 'pertaining to feeling'

-ate irate 'having anger (ire)'

-ent / -ant fluent 'flowing'

-ic chronic 'pertaining to time'

-ile senile 'being old'

-ine canine 'pertaining to dogs'

-ite finite 'having an end'

-ive cursive 'running'

-ous dolorous 'suffering'

-oid resembling android 'resembling a man'


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inflexionalSUFFIXES


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Inflexional suffixes arerequired to make a

sentence grammaticallycorrect, but they add little

meaning to the word

They never change a wordfrom one grammatical class

to another, but eachgrammatical class has its

own special set ofinflectional suffixes

Consequently, these

suffixes can be useful inhelping you determine

whether the word isa NOUN, VERB,or ADJECTIVE

FUNCTION EXAMPLE


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Types SUFFIX

FUNCTION

(GRAMMATICAL

CHANGE)

EXAMPLE

ORIGINAL

WORD

EXAMPLE SUFFIXED WORD

NOUNS

-s plural girl The two girls had eaten dinner.

- s possessive cat The cats tail was twitching.

-en plural (irregular) ox The oxen live in hilly areas.

VERBS

-s 3rd

person singularpresent tense bark The smaller dog barks a lot.

-ed past tense bark The blackest dog never barked.

-ing continuous/progressive twitch The cat's tail was twitching.

-en past participle eat The two girls had eaten dinner.

ADJECTIVES

-er comparative small The smaller dog barks a lot.

-est superlative black The blackest dog never barked


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The noun suffixes -s and -'s indicate eitherplurality or possession.They both sound thesame in the spoken

language, although theyare distinguished in thewritten form.

Verbs have foursuffixes: -ed, -s, -ing, -en. Their main functionis to distinguish thetense of the verb.Notice that verbs alsohave a suffix -s,although in this case itindicates that the verbis present tense andbeing used with a

third-person subject,i.e. something otherthan "I" or "you."

The adjectivesuffixes -er and -

est are alsoconsideredinflectional. They areused when comparingtwo things (-er) ormore than two things

(-est).


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REFERENCES http://pages.uoregon.edu/l150web/weblec1.4.html

http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/suffixes.ht

m

http://duhoc-

online.net/modfnet/Librarian/eBooks/English/Voca

bulary%20and%20Idioms/WordFormationInEnglish.

pdf

http://lexsrv3.nlm.nih.gov/LexSysGroup/Projects/lv

g/2012/docs/designDoc/UDF/derivations/suffixList.

html
http://pages.uoregon.edu/l150web/weblec1.4.htmlhttp://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/suffixes.htmhttp://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/suffixes.htmhttp://duhoc-online.net/modfnet/Librarian/eBooks/English/Vocabulary%20and%20Idioms/WordFormationInEnglish.pdfhttp://duhoc-online.net/modfnet/Librarian/eBooks/English/Vocabulary%20and%20Idioms/WordFormationInEnglish.pdfhttp://duhoc-online.net/modfnet/Librarian/eBooks/English/Vocabulary%20and%20Idioms/WordFormationInEnglish.pdfhttp://duhoc-online.net/modfnet/Librarian/eBooks/English/Vocabulary%20and%20Idioms/WordFormationInEnglish.pdfhttp://lexsrv3.nlm.nih.gov/LexSysGroup/Projects/lvg/2012/docs/designDoc/UDF/derivations/suffixList.htmlhttp://lexsrv3.nlm.nih.gov/LexSysGroup/Projects/lvg/2012/docs/designDoc/UDF/derivations/suffixList.htmlhttp://lexsrv3.nlm.nih.gov/LexSysGroup/Projects/lvg/2012/docs/designDoc/UDF/derivations/suffixList.htmlhttp://lexsrv3.nlm.nih.gov/LexSysGroup/Projects/lvg/2012/docs/designDoc/UDF/derivations/suffixList.htmlhttp://lexsrv3.nlm.nih.gov/LexSysGroup/Projects/lvg/2012/docs/designDoc/UDF/derivations/suffixList.htmlhttp://lexsrv3.nlm.nih.gov/LexSysGroup/Projects/lvg/2012/docs/designDoc/UDF/derivations/suffixList.htmlhttp://duhoc-online.net/modfnet/Librarian/eBooks/English/Vocabulary%20and%20Idioms/WordFormationInEnglish.pdfhttp://duhoc-online.net/modfnet/Librarian/eBooks/English/Vocabulary%20and%20Idioms/WordFormationInEnglish.pdfhttp://duhoc-online.net/modfnet/Librarian/eBooks/English/Vocabulary%20and%20Idioms/WordFormationInEnglish.pdfhttp://duhoc-online.net/modfnet/Librarian/eBooks/English/Vocabulary%20and%20Idioms/WordFormationInEnglish.pdfhttp://duhoc-online.net/modfnet/Librarian/eBooks/English/Vocabulary%20and%20Idioms/WordFormationInEnglish.pdfhttp://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/suffixes.htmhttp://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/suffixes.htmhttp://pages.uoregon.edu/l150web/weblec1.4.html


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