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8/8/2019 Prehistory of Ohio 2010 2
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Prehistory of OhioPrehistory of Ohio
9,500 BC9,500 BC 1650 AD = 11,150 years1650 AD = 11,150 years
PaleoPaleo IndiansIndians
Archaic IndiansArchaic Indians
Woodland IndiansWoodland Indians
Prehistoric IndiansPrehistoric Indians
Historic IndiansHistoric Indians
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Archaeology in NW OhioArchaeology in NW Ohio
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Archaeology in NW OhioArchaeology in NW Ohio
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Archaeology in NW OhioArchaeology in NW Ohio
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Regions of OhioRegions of Ohio
Flint Ridge
Upper
MercerSoutheast
Glaciers covered most ofNorth and Western Ohio untilabout 14,000 years ago
Ice thickness over 8,000 feet
thick at Cleveland at one point> 1 mile
This scooped out the GreatLakes
Lake Erie was 2 lakes justafter glaciers left, could walk
to Canada
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PaleoPaleo Indians:Indians:
First arrival in Ohio about9,500 BC
Climate very unstable, Ice isgone from Ohio
Hunter-gatherer people,chasing Megafauna
Animals now extinct
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PaleoindiansPaleoindians:: The first people most likely
entered Ohio from North or
West, following animals Most evidence suggests that
People came to North America
from Asia to Alaska and wentSouth
People were in North Americaby 12,400 BC, and Ohio byperhaps 9,500 BC
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PaleoindiansPaleoindians: Tools: Tools
Tools were carefully made
High quality flint
Built in Recyclability = Mobile
Hunters and Gathers More Paleoindian Fluted
points found in Ohio than any
other state
Clovis Points
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PaleoindiansPaleoindians: Other Tools: Other Tools
Side Scrapers
Drills and Blades
GraversEnd Scrapers
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Archaic Indians:Archaic Indians:
8,0008,000 1,000 BC1,000 BC Climate begins to stabilize People begin using
seasonal camps, lessmobile Very little Archaic found in
Northern Ohio No pottery yet Stone
bowls People begin to use plants+ hunt deer
First Dogs
Late Archaic dogLate Archaic dogburialburial
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Archaic Indians: ToolsArchaic Indians: Tools Many different styles and sizes
of points, lower quality flint =
regional settlement Serrations Corner Notches No more gravers, drills, etc.
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Archaic Indians: Other ToolsArchaic Indians: Other Tools Ground stone tools = use of
plants, wood technology
Axes Grinding stones
Atlatl Weights = Bannerstones Smoking Pipes Stone boiling
NuttingNutting stonesstones
Slab grinders
Smoking Pipes
AxesAxes
Bannerstones/AtlatylWeights
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Archaic Indians:Archaic Indians: AtlatylAtlatyl
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Woodland Indians:Woodland Indians:
1000 BC1000 BC1000 AD1000 AD First Ceramic/Pottery Appears Increasing use of Plants
Flattening of Foreheads Cemeteries = Less Mobile Ceremonialism and the
Beginning of Mound-building Adena: 1000 BC - 0 Hopewell: 0 400 BC
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Woodland Indians: PotteryWoodland Indians: Pottery First pottery appears around this
time (1,000 BC)
Starts out very thick and large,and later becomes thinner
Grit Temper
Decorations: Cordmarking
Punctates
Dentates
Incizing
Crosshatching
Stamping
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Woodland Indians:Woodland Indians: MoundbuildingMoundbuilding 1914: 3,500 mounds in Ohio
Mostly in Southern Ohio alongRivers
Less than 1,000 survive today
Vertical Cemeteries
Items of significance buried withpeople
First Europeans believed it was alost civilization
Chillicothe, Ohio = center of it all
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Woodland Indians: ExoticWoodland Indians: Exotic
Materials, Art, and RitualsMaterials, Art, and Rituals
Mica from the Southeast Obsidian from Wyoming Shells and Barracuda Jaws
from Florida, Atlantic Coast
Copper from Michigan Meteoric Iron from Kansas Galena from West Quartz Crystals from the South Grizzly Bear teeth from Rocky
mountains Freshwater Pearls from
Mississippi
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Woodland Indians: ExoticWoodland Indians: Exotic
Materials, Art, and RitualsMaterials, Art, and Rituals
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Woodland Indians: EarthworksWoodland Indians: Earthworks Hills, Ditches, and Platforms
Often Aligned with Moon
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Prehistoric Indians: 1,000 ADPrehistoric Indians: 1,000 AD --1650 AD1650 AD
Movement to fortified hilltopenclosures with defensive
fortifications This suggest warfare or threatof attack
Use of bow and arrow around700-1000 AD
Houses were often smallerfamily unit dwellings Underground Storage Pits
Shell-tempered Pottery
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