Prehistory of Ohio 2010 2

8/8/2019 Prehistory of Ohio 2010 2

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Prehistory of OhioPrehistory of Ohio

9,500 BC9,500 BC 1650 AD = 11,150 years1650 AD = 11,150 years

PaleoPaleo IndiansIndians

Archaic IndiansArchaic Indians

Woodland IndiansWoodland Indians

Prehistoric IndiansPrehistoric Indians

Historic IndiansHistoric Indians


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Archaeology in NW OhioArchaeology in NW Ohio


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Regions of OhioRegions of Ohio

Flint Ridge

Upper

MercerSoutheast

Glaciers covered most ofNorth and Western Ohio untilabout 14,000 years ago

Ice thickness over 8,000 feet

thick at Cleveland at one point> 1 mile

This scooped out the GreatLakes

Lake Erie was 2 lakes justafter glaciers left, could walk

to Canada


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PaleoPaleo Indians:Indians:

First arrival in Ohio about9,500 BC

Climate very unstable, Ice isgone from Ohio

Hunter-gatherer people,chasing Megafauna

Animals now extinct


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PaleoindiansPaleoindians:: The first people most likely

entered Ohio from North or

West, following animals Most evidence suggests that

People came to North America

from Asia to Alaska and wentSouth

People were in North Americaby 12,400 BC, and Ohio byperhaps 9,500 BC


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PaleoindiansPaleoindians: Tools: Tools

Tools were carefully made

High quality flint

Built in Recyclability = Mobile

Hunters and Gathers More Paleoindian Fluted

points found in Ohio than any

other state

Clovis Points


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PaleoindiansPaleoindians: Other Tools: Other Tools

Side Scrapers

Drills and Blades

GraversEnd Scrapers


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Archaic Indians:Archaic Indians:

8,0008,000 1,000 BC1,000 BC Climate begins to stabilize People begin using

seasonal camps, lessmobile Very little Archaic found in

Northern Ohio No pottery yet Stone

bowls People begin to use plants+ hunt deer

First Dogs

Late Archaic dogLate Archaic dogburialburial


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Archaic Indians: ToolsArchaic Indians: Tools Many different styles and sizes

of points, lower quality flint =

regional settlement Serrations Corner Notches No more gravers, drills, etc.


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Archaic Indians: Other ToolsArchaic Indians: Other Tools Ground stone tools = use of

plants, wood technology

Axes Grinding stones

Atlatl Weights = Bannerstones Smoking Pipes Stone boiling

NuttingNutting stonesstones

Slab grinders

Smoking Pipes

AxesAxes

Bannerstones/AtlatylWeights


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Archaic Indians:Archaic Indians: AtlatylAtlatyl


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Woodland Indians:Woodland Indians:

1000 BC1000 BC1000 AD1000 AD First Ceramic/Pottery Appears Increasing use of Plants

Flattening of Foreheads Cemeteries = Less Mobile Ceremonialism and the

Beginning of Mound-building Adena: 1000 BC - 0 Hopewell: 0 400 BC


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Woodland Indians: PotteryWoodland Indians: Pottery First pottery appears around this

time (1,000 BC)

Starts out very thick and large,and later becomes thinner

Grit Temper

Decorations: Cordmarking

Punctates

Dentates

Incizing

Crosshatching

Stamping


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Woodland Indians:Woodland Indians: MoundbuildingMoundbuilding 1914: 3,500 mounds in Ohio

Mostly in Southern Ohio alongRivers

Less than 1,000 survive today

Vertical Cemeteries

Items of significance buried withpeople

First Europeans believed it was alost civilization

Chillicothe, Ohio = center of it all


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Woodland Indians: ExoticWoodland Indians: Exotic

Materials, Art, and RitualsMaterials, Art, and Rituals

Mica from the Southeast Obsidian from Wyoming Shells and Barracuda Jaws

from Florida, Atlantic Coast

Copper from Michigan Meteoric Iron from Kansas Galena from West Quartz Crystals from the South Grizzly Bear teeth from Rocky

mountains Freshwater Pearls from

Mississippi


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Woodland Indians: ExoticWoodland Indians: Exotic

Materials, Art, and RitualsMaterials, Art, and Rituals


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Woodland Indians: EarthworksWoodland Indians: Earthworks Hills, Ditches, and Platforms

Often Aligned with Moon


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Prehistoric Indians: 1,000 ADPrehistoric Indians: 1,000 AD --1650 AD1650 AD

Movement to fortified hilltopenclosures with defensive

fortifications This suggest warfare or threatof attack

Use of bow and arrow around700-1000 AD

Houses were often smallerfamily unit dwellings Underground Storage Pits

Shell-tempered Pottery

Documents

Prehistory of Ohio 2010 2