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Planning for Public Transport公共交通规划
Richard Scurfield 理查德 . 斯科菲
The World Bank 世界银行
Module 4: Urban Transport Planning
第五讲:城市交通规划
Organization of the Presentation
Role of public transport in the city Choosing the core mode of mass transit Ownership and management of bus services Public transport regulation Providing essential infrastructure for buses How to promote better public transport in
China?
Role of Public Transport
Public transit is part of the “transport solution” for all cities
The motorized mode of transport for the majority
Planning for public transport services is essential
Must integrate public transport with land-use plans
Provision of good public transport can be expensive, capital and operating costs
Choosing a Core Mode of Mass Transit
Most cities will continue to rely on buses In cities of more than 5 million there is likely to be
an economic case for a railway However, what can each city afford?
• What the competing uses for scarce resources?• Are basic welfare services available?
Rail-based systems are expensive • A very few cities cannot afford NOT to have one
N.B. in only a very few mega-cities do more people ride rail based modes than road based modes
Investment Planning for New
Systems Difficult to balance technical and political
pressures Most studies over-state patronage, and
under-state costs Less costly options must be evaluated,
bus rapid transit, traditional bus systems Segregated transit systems need to be
integrated into urban development plans
Ownership of Bus Services
Public ownership remains common in Europe, USA, India and China
Private ownership is most common in Africa, Latin America, SE Asia, UK
Privately operated services are more efficient, less costly, more responsive
China should consider slowly taking advantage of the benefits of private ownership of services
Regulation of bus services
Urban bus services need to be regulated On-road competition can be costly
(congestion and environmental costs) Effective and efficient regulation is more
difficult than ownership Must separated ownership and regulatory
function Requires an effective and transparent
regulatory framework
Providing Infrastructure for Buses
Buses use roads as their “track” Buses need special facilities
• Terminals, stops• Allocated road space—bus priority facilities
Bus Rapid Transit (e.g. Curitiba, Bogata)• Cheap form of mass transit• Extreme form of bus priority• Needs good planning
Good planning, management, enforcement of road use is essential
How to promote better public transport in
China? Bus systems will remain the core mode in
most cities for the foreseeable future Rail systems should only be planned and built
after extensive studies Improve the efficiency of enterprises through
commercialization Separate the roles of operators and regulators Find a greater role for the private sector Must manage roads to assist transit
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