Planning for Public Transport公共交通规划

Richard Scurfield 理查德 . 斯科菲

The World Bank 世界银行

Module 4: Urban Transport Planning

第五讲：城市交通规划

Organization of the Presentation

Role of public transport in the city Choosing the core mode of mass transit Ownership and management of bus services Public transport regulation Providing essential infrastructure for buses How to promote better public transport in

China?

Role of Public Transport

Public transit is part of the “transport solution” for all cities

The motorized mode of transport for the majority

Planning for public transport services is essential

Must integrate public transport with land-use plans

Provision of good public transport can be expensive, capital and operating costs

Choosing a Core Mode of Mass Transit

Most cities will continue to rely on buses In cities of more than 5 million there is likely to be

an economic case for a railway However, what can each city afford?

• What the competing uses for scarce resources?• Are basic welfare services available?

Rail-based systems are expensive • A very few cities cannot afford NOT to have one

N.B. in only a very few mega-cities do more people ride rail based modes than road based modes

Investment Planning for New

Systems Difficult to balance technical and political

pressures Most studies over-state patronage, and

under-state costs Less costly options must be evaluated,

bus rapid transit, traditional bus systems Segregated transit systems need to be

integrated into urban development plans

Ownership of Bus Services

Public ownership remains common in Europe, USA, India and China

Private ownership is most common in Africa, Latin America, SE Asia, UK

Privately operated services are more efficient, less costly, more responsive

China should consider slowly taking advantage of the benefits of private ownership of services

Regulation of bus services

Urban bus services need to be regulated On-road competition can be costly

(congestion and environmental costs) Effective and efficient regulation is more

difficult than ownership Must separated ownership and regulatory

function Requires an effective and transparent

regulatory framework

Providing Infrastructure for Buses

Buses use roads as their “track” Buses need special facilities

• Terminals, stops• Allocated road space—bus priority facilities

Bus Rapid Transit (e.g. Curitiba, Bogata)• Cheap form of mass transit• Extreme form of bus priority• Needs good planning

Good planning, management, enforcement of road use is essential

How to promote better public transport in

China? Bus systems will remain the core mode in

most cities for the foreseeable future Rail systems should only be planned and built

after extensive studies Improve the efficiency of enterprises through

commercialization Separate the roles of operators and regulators Find a greater role for the private sector Must manage roads to assist transit