Pipelines 2

PIPE SUPPORTS

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Pipe supports inside the compression station and pumping stations

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PIPE SUPPORTS

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PRINCIPLES OF PIPELINE DESIGN

The following points should be covered during

the design of pipeline:

1. Effect of the environment

2. Routing process

3. Approval and legal considerations

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PRINCIPLES OF PIPELINE DESIGN

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PRINCIPLES OF PIPELINE DESIGN

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PRINCIPLES OF PIPELINE DESIGN

6Environmental considerations for onshore pipelines

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PRINCIPLES OF PIPELINE DESIGN

7Environmental considerations for offshore pipelines

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PRINCIPLES OF PIPELINE DESIGN

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ROUTING PROCESS

1. Pipeline route should be as short as possible

2. Onshore pipelines the route must take into consideration:

A. Sensitive areas (Areas of populations, national parks, …etc)

B. Environment (wildlife, archaeological);

C. Geography (rocky areas, fault lines, areas of erosion)

D. Crossing (road, rail ways, rivers)

E. Location of compressor / pumping stations

F. Location of above-ground installations

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PRINCIPLES OF PIPELINE DESIGN

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ROUTING PROCESS

In addition, the route of pipeline should avoid:

1. Running parallel with high-density traffic routes

2. Running parallel to electrical power lines and other oil or

gas pipelines

3. If crossing is required, the pipeline should cross

perpendicular to the road/ railway

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PRINCIPLES OF PIPELINE DESIGN

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Pipeline routing corridor

ROUTING PROCESS

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PRINCIPLES OF PIPELINE DESIGN

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ROUTING PROCESS

Transmission pipeline routing

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DETAILED DESIGN PARAMETERS

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The following points should be taken into consideration when

determining the route of a pipeline:

1. Pipeline diameter (nominal size)

2. Find out the wall thickness (from the standard tables)

3. Material grade (suitable for the environment)

4. Maximum operating pressure and flow conditions

5. Operating temperature (fluid& environment temp.)

6. Pressure drop

7. Corrosion protection which is suitable for this route.

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FACTORS THAT INFLUNCE THE LENGTH OF A PIPELINE

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These factors are:

1. Design pressure

2. Acceptable pressure drop,

3. Pipeline diameter,

4. Wall thickness, and

5. The temperature profile

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EQUATIONS USED IN CALCULATING THE BASIC FLOW PARAMETERS FOR GAS AND LIQUID PIPELINES

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CHOOSING THE WALL THICKNESS FOR THE PIPELINE

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PIPELINE COATING

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Why we coat pipelines?

The two main methods which are commonly

used to protect pipelines are:

1.Coating

2.Cathodic protection

(CP) system

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PIPELINE COATING REQUIREMENTS

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Pipeline coating must have the following characteristics:

1.Thermal stability (will not deform under high operating

temperatures)

2.Impermeability to water and moisture;

3.Chemical stability (does not degrade owing to chemical

reaction with soil or surroundings)

4. Ease of use;

5. Economical.

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TYPICAL PIPELINE COATING METHODS

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Typical onshore pipeline coatings

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TYPICAL PIPELINE COATING METHODS

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Typical offshore pipeline coatings

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PIPELINE PROTECTION

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Methods of pipeline protection include:

1. Concrete coating

2. Increased wall thickness

3. Burial;

4. Sleeve protection;

5. Marker tapes;

6. Protective concrete slabs

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