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Photography- Art of Camer
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Take a Better Picture
Objectives of this class
• Understand basic photography terms • Camera Shot; size system• Understand your camera• Take, Download & Display images
Let’s Begin
Types of Shot
1. Extreme Long Shot or an “establishing shot” (ELS)
A It shows the surroundings, scenery, landscape and geography – used as a scene-setting/establishing shot
The subject is unrecognizable because it is a general view.
There will be very little detail visible in the shot, it's meant to give a general impression rather than specific information.
2- Long Shot (LS)
• A person is shown with the surroundings.• The place is more important than the person/ people.• The difference from ELS is, more emphasis on the subject.
3- Full Shot (FS)
• The person is shown from the head to the toe,
• (Whole body or the whole action within the frame).
• In full shot place is as important as person(s)
4- Long Medium Shot (LMS)
• Person appears from thighs up. •Do not crop from the joint, ex. Knees, neck and arms.
Bad frame because thephotographer cut the kneesof the girls.
Better one because hedid not cut the kneesof them.
Do not crop from the joint, ex. Knees, neck and arms.
5- Medium Shot (MS)
• A person appears from waist up.• Bring the subject closer to the viewer • Very common in TV, newspapers and magazines• Interview shot.•It isolates the person from its surrounding
6- Medium Close-Up (MCU)• A person is cropped from the chest.
• The shoulders, neck and head are shown.
• The surroundings are quite unrecognizable.
• Very common for example in TV, newspapers and magazines
• interview shot
7- Close-Up (CU)
• The face is visible in this size.
• This type is used in Passports and Identity Cards.
• No background
• Emotional interview shot
• Facial reactions, expressions
• Emotional
8- Extreme Close-Up (ECU)
• To emphasize reactions, emotions, feelings and expressions; ex. a part of a human body such as sad eyes, a smile or a part of an object.
• Not natural (We never look at anybody this close)
• Shouldn’t be used too much
You do not have to show someone’s entire face or body. Do not be afraid to crop tight to create a more intimate, personal shot
Comment:
• Long Medium Shot (LMS) and Medium Shot (MS) are usually used to photograph or film someone's speech or when an interview is conducted.
• Always remember to keep the Head Room
(The estimated free space above a person’s head, its length is half the person’s forehead.)
• Never cut from joint (don’t cut neck, knee etc…)
Comment:
• Never Don’t cut people from their joint (don’t cut neck, knee etc…)
Comment: Head room
Good Too much head room
Typical mistake is to leave too much space (headroom) above the head
Comment: • Mistakes
Things are growing from the object
Object is cropped from the neck
Object is leaning on the picture boarder
Comment: Nose Room - leadroom
• You should leave empty space (nose room) where the object is looking or moving
Comment:
Lead Room
Nose Room
Which of these looks good toyou?
The Camera angle
Camera AngleThe camera angle marks the specific location at which a camera is placed to take a shot. A scene may be shot from several camera angles. This will give different experience and sometimes emotion.
These Angles Have Effects on the humanWhere the camera is placed in relation to the subject greatly affects the way the viewer perceives that subject. A high-angle shot makes the subject look small or weak while a low-angle shot makes the subject look powerful or threatening. A neutral shot Or Eye Level has little to no psychological effect on the viewer.
The Camera angle
Standard Angle Eye-Level
This is the most common view, being the real-world angle that we are all used to. It shows subjects as we would expect to see them in real life. It is a fairly neutral shot.
Low Angle
The subject seems threatening, powerful and dominatesuperior
High Angle
• The subject seems small and insignificant. Make a person look helpless and weak inferior
XNote: do not use when shot on children
Composition RulesRule of Third
One of the classic compositional theories is the rule of thirds. This is a simple but quite effective way of constructing your image so the viewer’s eye is drawn to one of several key spots. Applicable in both the art and photographic worlds, this helps you create images that are nicely balanced and pleasing to the eye.
To visualize the rule, divide your viewfinder equally into thirds, both horizontally and vertically. Then compose the photo to allow the subject or center of interest to fall on one of the four intersection points.
Never put your image in the center of the Frame
Composition RulesRule of Third
• place the subject on the golden rectangle points• The point at the screen, where you first take a glance• remember the nose and the head room• Place the important information in the sensory point
The sensory point: the point at the screen where you first take a quick look
Place important elements at the intersection points,
simple photo is Much more pleasing than a heavily cluttered photo
or along the sides, top and bottom of the grid.
or along the sides, top and bottom of the grid.
or along the sides, top and bottom of the grid.
or along the sides, top and bottom of the grid.
Try to avoid placing your subject in the middle.
X
“Good composition is the strongest way
of seeing.”
Edward Weston
Safe Area
The television monitor aspect is 4:3 Widescreen monitor aspect is 16:9
4:3 = Width 720 x Height 57616:9 = Width 720 x Height 480
Y
X
If you are out of the Safe Area
ExampleFraming :
Leading lines :
Reflections :
Silhouettes :
Use of digital still cameraCanon PowerShot A420 Digital Camera
4.0 Megapixel, 3.2x Optical zoom – Digital zoom 11x
Memory card AA Size rechargeable battery Charger
megapixel• The term megapixel is the number of individual pixels that go into
making each image - means One Million pixels.
“Picture Element” Digital images are made of pixels, or picture elements. A pixel is a tiny square dot "square dot" in your picture.
What is a Pixel?The small picture elements that make up a digital photograph.Your digital camera builds pictures out of tiny blocks of color knownas pixels, similar to the way an artist creates a mosaic using coloredtiles. (Pixel is short for picture element)
Resolution:Resolution of the picture means the amounts of pixels per inch (ppi)Select the suitable Resolution - is marked with dpi (dots per inch)The bigger the resolution is the sharper the image
Pixels
Not Sharp image Sharp image
Most commonly used:• Web Resolution / computer screen =72 • Print Resolution = 150 or 300 • Film Resolution = 600
Document size of a picture• Resolution influences picture’s document size the most.• Document size can be made smaller by compressing, but it affects
the quality of the picture.• Quality and size depends on compression Compression:
• Compression setting affects the overall quality of your image • Compression effect the file size and image quality
Zoom There are two types of zoom on a camera
Optical Zoom: Optical zoom is what I like to call true zoomWhen using optical zoom quality remains the same and the full resolution of the camera can be used on the zoomed image.
Digital zoom: Digital zoom on the other hand is not a true form of a zoom function. What happens here is that the section of image that you are looking at becomes bigger, not closer. The image does look closer because it has been expanded however all that has happened is that the image quality has been reduced.
Zoom
There are two types of zoom on a camera Zoom out Zoom in
When the zoom scale exceeds the 3.2x the camera uses the digital Zoom function
Note: The zoom X differ from one camera to another and the shape of the zoom W/T
• 3.2x optical zoom - Digital Zoom approx. 11xIf the Digital Zoom is not on, press menu button, choose Rec. (Recording) Menu and choose Digital Zoom option.
Changing the recording pixels & Compression • Press Func. Set Button – using the 2 arrows (left & Right) to select recording
pixels settings as the following:-– L (Large) 2272 x 1704 px High – M1 (Medium 1) 1600 x 1200 px – M2 ( Medium 2) 1024 x 768 px– S (Small) 640 x 480 px Low (Sending images as e-mail attachment - Shooting more images)– W (Wide) 2272 x 1280 px
• Press MENU button (approximate values range: High Quality to Normal Quality)– Super Fine (shoot higher quality images) High Quality – Fine ( Shoot normal quality images) – Normal (Shooting more images) Normal
Standard Automatic Mode
Flash• Add light• Use flash indoor • In dark places • Camera’s internal flash can include different functions: red eye reeducation & night flash• Flash can be used when you are shooting towards sunlight • ( Flash somehow is difficult to use you need to remember there are 3 different type light
– day light = blue – Florescent = green– Tungsten = Red
RGB the primary color
Flash OFF Flash ON
Red Eye reeducationThe symbol of this mode is an eye
Manual Mode
Press Func. Set Button using the 2 arrows (left & Right) to select
settings as the following:-
Macro ( shooting close-up)• Sharp focus for close up, extreme close up and taking photo of any printed text • The symbol of this mode is a Flower• In macro photographing or close up photographing tries to take photos about
small targets (bugs, plants, stamps, jeweler etc.) • We have to bring our object as near as possible to our compact camera• Cameras has limitations about that how near they can focus and how small
object they can make larger to whole picture bring our object as near as possible to our compact camera
Shooting distance (from the front of the lens)Normal: 47 cm – infinity (range)Macro: 5 – 47 cm (range) Wide & 25 – 47 cm (range) TelephotoSuper Macro: 1X
Exposure (EV): A cameras metering system can be fooled when taking
pictures where large areas of a scene are very bright, very dark or contain strong contrast. To help prevent a photo from under or over exposure, adjust exposure values (EV).
Exposure values, represented by numbers with a plus or minus in front of them, override settings automatically selected by a cameras exposure mode. When the main subject is darker than the background, increase exposure value. If the subject is much lighter than the background, decrease
The Right LightExposure (EV)
• Overexposure = too light picture, the light parts of the picture are pure white
• Underexposure = too dark picture, you can’t see the details• Correct exposure =Camera’s automatism measures the amount of
light
The Right Light Another example
White Balance
Special Scene Shooting mode
White Balance
Blue Yellow Normal
White Balance:
White balance" is a feature which tells your camera what is white,
• Play Back Mode (Preview Mode)- green arrow (Mode Dial)
• When you are in the play back mode, you can erase an image by pressing the trash icon (single image eraser).
• In this camera the FUNC. SET button is like ENTER key on the keyboard.
• To erase all images at once – Press menu button, and chose play menu then select
erase all. Finally press FUNC. SET button
EXTREMELONG SHOT
LONG SHOT
MEDIUMLONG SHOT
MEDIUM SHOT
MEDIUM CLOSE UP
CLOSE UP
EXTREMECLOSE UP
Comments
Every cut has to bring new information, in case it does not bring, always remember not to cut.
Always cut over at least one type and at most over four, for example an extreme close-up is required: start with the following sequence:-
• Full Shot• Long Medium Shot• Medium shot• Medium Close-up• Extreme Close-up
NEXT Class
Practical assignment
Thank you
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