Persistent Identifiers in Practice · Introduction RePEc FRED Links Persistent Identiﬁers in...

Introduction

Persistent Identifiers in Practice

Christian Zimmermann (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis)

Berlin 2012

The views expressed are those of individual authors and do notnecessarily reflect official positions of the Federal Reserve Bank

of St. Louis, the Federal Reserve System, or the Board ofGovernors.

Christian Zimmermann Persistent Identifiers in Practice

Introduction

Why me?

Introduction

Why me?

◮ Research Papers in Economics (RePEc)

Introduction

Why me?

◮ Research Papers in Economics (RePEc)

◮ Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED)

Introduction

What is RePEc?

Introduction

What is RePEc?

◮ Online bibliography for Economics, started in 1997 (1992)

Introduction

What is RePEc?

◮ Network of volunteers archivists

Introduction

What is RePEc?

◮ Metadata and retrieval protocols

Introduction

What is RePEc?

◮ Paper hosting at publishing institutions

Introduction

What is RePEc?

◮ =⇒ No central cost, everything free

Introduction

What is RePEc?

◮ =⇒ No central cost, everything free

◮ 1,2 million items from 1500 journals and 3000 preprint series.1400 archives

Introduction

Organization

Introduction

Organization

◮ Central list of pointers to metadata archives

Introduction

Organization

◮ Metadata archive following strict syntax

Introduction

Organization

◮ Automatical nightly retrieval of data

Introduction

Organization

◮ Automatical nightly retrieval of data

◮ “RePEc services” display metadata

Introduction

Sample metadata template

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0Author-Name: Andrew BeaconAuthor-Name: Charlie DoeAuthor-Email: doe@someuni.eduAuthor-Workplace-Name: Some Big UniversityAuthor-Name: Engelbert FalafelAuthor-Workplace-Name: Some Other UniversityTitle: A Guide to Forecasting Agricultural Output by Following Weather Patterns in Neighboring AreasAbstract: In this article, we survey the literature on agricultural output forecasting and suggest some avenues themerit particular attention...Classification-JEL: R00, Z0Keywords: Forecasting, agricultural economicsJournal: Annals of Computational EconomicsPages: 1-58Volume: 3Issue: 1Year: 1999Month: FebruaryFile-URL: http://www.geekeconomics.com/articles/thefile.pdfFile-Format: application/pdfFile-URL: http://www.geekeconomics.com/articles/thefile.htmlFile-Format: text/htmlHandle: RePEc:aaa:journl:v:3:y:1999:i:1:p:1-58

Introduction

Metadata types

Introduction

Metadata types

◮ archive

Introduction

Metadata types

◮ archive

◮ series

Introduction

Metadata types

◮ archive

◮ series

◮ working paper

◮ article

◮ book

◮ book chapter

◮ software component

Introduction

Metadata types

◮ archive

◮ series

◮ working paper

◮ article

◮ book

◮ book chapter

◮ institution

Introduction

Metadata types

◮ archive

◮ series

◮ working paper

◮ article

◮ book

◮ book chapter

◮ institution

◮ person

Introduction

Metadata types

◮ archive

◮ series

◮ working paper

◮ article

◮ book

◮ book chapter

◮ institution

◮ person

◮ data?

Introduction

Maintaining metadata

Introduction

◮ many different maintainers

Introduction

◮ varying motivations

Introduction

◮ succession issues

Introduction

◮ technical competence

Introduction

◮ technical competence

◮ understanding of metadata

Introduction

The Handle

Introduction

The Handle

◮ Persistent identifier

Introduction

The Handle

◮ Used throughout RePEc services

Introduction

The Handle

◮ Unique

Introduction

The Handle

◮ Unique

◮ Permanent

Introduction

The Handle

◮ Unique

◮ Permanent

◮ Unique-Identifier-Never-Change-It

Introduction

Why not persistent?

Introduction

Why not persistent?

◮ Lack of understanding

Introduction

Why not persistent?

◮ Platform change

Introduction

Why not persistent?

◮ Platform change

◮ Recycling

Introduction

Why not persistent?

◮ Platform change

◮ Recycling

◮ No central authority

Introduction

◮ Macroeconomic time series collection since 1993

Introduction

◮ Database with 45,000 series

Introduction

◮ Graphing facility

Introduction

◮ Integrated in statistical packages

Introduction

◮ Apps, other tools

Introduction

◮ Apps, other tools

◮ ALFRED, GeoFRED

Introduction

Metadata for data

Introduction

Metadata for data

◮ United States: many statistical agencies (plus rest of world)

Introduction

Metadata for data

Introduction

Metadata for data

◮ No consensus metadata format, or data format

Introduction

Metadata for data

◮ No consensus metadata format, or data format

◮ =⇒ Just do it

Introduction

The FRED approach

Introduction

The FRED approach

◮ Set one’s own standard

Introduction

The FRED approach

◮ Identifier schema in place for new data

Introduction

The FRED approach

◮ Backward compatibility

Introduction

The FRED approach

◮ Backward compatibility

◮ Very few persistence issues with sources

Introduction

◮ http://repec.org/

◮ http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/

◮ zimmermann@stlouisfed.org

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