P1.1. Feeding a Billion Plus: the Indian Way

Feeding a Billion Plus:The Indian

Way29 October, 2012

> 17% of the world’s human & 11% livestock population and counting

4.2% of the world’s water

2.4% of the world’s area

142 m ha cultivated & 60 m ha net irrigated

138% cropping intensity

52% of population earns livelihood in agriculture

14.0% contribution in GDP

10.5% earning of total exports

India Today…

Cere

als

Wh

eat

Co

ars

...

Ric

e

Maiz

e

Oil

seed

Su

gar

Meat

Mil

k

Fis

h

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

India World mtWorl

dIndia

Cereals

2237.6

257.4

Rice 455.6 104.3

Wheat

652.6 93.9

Coarse Grains

1121.3

42.1

Maize 889.2 21.5

Oilseed

464.7 30

Sugar 165.7 26

Meat 290.6 6.8

Milk 710 127

Fish 149.0 8.4

Developed Countries; 19

Near East na North Africa; 37

Latin Amer-

ica and the Car-ibbean; 53Sub-Saha-ran

Africa; 239

Asia and the Pa-

cific; 578

Undernourishment in 2010, by region (million)

Exports: Rice 10 mmt, Wheat 2 mmt, Sugar 2 mmt, Cotton 2.2 mmt, Fish 0.8 mmt

India in World Food Basket

Composition (%) of Output

of Agriculture & Allied Sectors

Source: CSO

Fisheries; 3%

Forestry &

Logging

; 22%

Cereals; 23%

Pulses; 4%Oilseeds; 7%Sugars; 4%

Fi-bres; 2%

Other

Crops & byprod-

ucts; 9%

Horticulture; 16%

Livestock;

20%

Fisheries; 5%Forestry &

Logging; 9%

Cereals; 18%

Pulses; 3%Oils

eeds; 6%

Sugars; 4%

Fibres; 3%Other Crops & byproducts; 7%

Horticulture; 20%

Livestock; 25%

T.E. 2011-12

T.E. 1990-91

Total Domestic Demand for Various Food Commodities: million tonnes

Food Items

Present Projected for 2050

2009-2010

BAU MM Upside

Cereals 196.4 311.5 358.7 406.9

Pulses 17.8 35.1 46.3 50.3

Foodgrains 214.2 346.6 405.0 457.1

Edible Oils 15.7 29.5 39.0 45.2

Vegetables 131.8 258.9 342.2 438.6

Fruits 71.2 231.0 305.3 183.4

Milk 111.5 303.7 401.4 483.6

Sugar 22.0 44.1 58.3 58.2

Meat 6.0 10.4 13.8 18.1

Eggs 58.2 139.2 183.9 202.5

Fish 7.1 16.9 22.4 27.0

Past and Required Growth Rate to Meet Domestic Demand (%/year)

ItemsHistori

cal

Projected for 2050

BAU MM Upside

Cereals 2.25 0.67 1.03 1.36

Sugar 2.57 1.39 2.12 2.11

Pulses 0.92 1.84 2.57 2.79

Edible oils 2.81 2.80 3.54 3.94

Vegetables 3.35 1.63 2.36 3.01

Fruits 3.31 2.90 3.64 2.29

Milk 4.39 2.26 2.99 3.49

Meat 4.22 1.31 2.04 2.75

Eggs 5.66 2.09 2.83 3.08

Fish 3.55 1.72 2.45 2.94

Total 1.92 2.57 2.82

BPLPDS

EXPORT

FOODPRODUCTIO

N

MINIMUM

SUPPORTPRICE

Food Supply Management

INPUT SUPPORT

BUFFER STOCK

Partners in Food Production and Distribution

Ministry of Agriculture

Ministry of Food & Public Distribution

(MoFPD)

Ministry of Commerce (MoC)

Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD)

Ministry of Environment & Forests(MoEF)

Ministry of Food Processing Industry

(MoFPI)

Department of Agricultural & Co-

operation (DAC)

Department of Agricultural Research &

Education (DARE)

Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries (DAHD&F)

Indian Council of

Agricultural Research (ICAR)

State Governments

Financial Institutions

Private Sector

Farmers’ Organisations

FARMERS/FISHERS

Ministries of Central Government FARMERS/FISHERS

Agriculture & Food-related Schemes

National Food Security Mission (NFSM), 2007

National Agriculture Development Plan (RKVY), 2007

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), 2006

Mid-day Meal Scheme, 2009

National Mission for Empowerment of Women, 2010

National Horticulture Mission (NHM)

Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), 1975

Indian NARES

98

Research Institutes: Natural Resource Management, Field Crops, Horticulture, Animal Science, Fisheries, Engineering, Education, Extension

63 State Agricultural Universities, CAU & DUs

630 Farm Science Centres (KVKs)

CGIAR – ICAR – Universities - KVKs

Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory in Pune (shifted to Mukteshwar in 1893)

1889

Imperial Agricultural Research Institute

Imperial Council of Agricultural Research

IARI, Pusa shifted to New

Delhi

ICAR IARI as Deemed-to-be University

First SAU at Pantnagar Commodity Research

Institutes under ICAR

ASRB

DAREFirst KVK at Puducherry

Lab-to-Land programme

King Baudouin Award

IVLP

NARP, National Gene Bank

NATPNAIP

Making a Difference in Indian Agriculture:

The Journey of ICAR

1929

1948

1960

1973

1988 - 2004

1996

2005

1905

1934

1958

1965-66

1974

1979

1995

19981998

2011AgrInnovateIndia

ICAR - Global Partnerships

No. of Countries

MOUs 65

Work Plans of ICAR signed under the umbrella MOUs of DST and DAC and JCM of MEA

12

Bilateral/Multilateral Projects

50

CGIAR Collaborative ProjectsIndo-African FellowshipsIndo-Afghanistan FellowshipsICAR International Scholarships

More From Less For More

Stress Agriculture, Secondary Agriculture, Speciality Agriculture

Agriculture-Food-Nutrition-Health- Environment-Employment

Skill and Youth in Agriculture

Market Access

Context and Concerns

Pressures on Natural

Resource BaseDeforestation

Soil erosion

Desertification

(million ha)

Land degradation

107.43

Water erosion

57.15

Degraded forests

24.90

Wind erosion 10.46

Salt-affected 6.32

Acid-affected 12.00

Others 8.60Per capita agricultural

land availability0.34 ha (1950-51)

0.17 ha (1999-2000)

0.12 ha (2010-2011)

Biodiversity for Posterity

WorldEstimated Species 10 million

Documented species 1.72 million

India: Among the 12 Mega bio-diversity Centres

India: 3 of the 34 Hot Spots of Biodiversity

12% of world’s flora

7% of world’s fauna

National Bureaus of Plant, Animal, Fish, Microbes and Insects

Climate Change and Natural Disasters

Agro-ecosystem Specific Approach

Rainfed: resource- based, farming system perspective

Irrigated: Raising yield potential; resource and input use efficiency; residue management

Coastal: Agri-horti-fish system, manage risk, salinity, nutrient

Arid: Agri-horti-livestock-pastoral system, manage abiotic stress, soil fertility and wind erosion

Hill & Mountain: Diversified system, micro-interventions, cold water fish, ecosystem services

5 agro-ecosystems and

14 production systems

National Initiative on Climate Resilient

Agriculture (NICRA ) Identification of 15-20 heat/drought tolerant crops’ cultivars

Resilience to small and marginal farmers and reduce production losses at least by 25-30%

Technology demonstration in 100 districts of 27 States

Capsicum 7 – 6 x KTP4 tolerant to high temperature

(summer 2007)

18 x Oregon IIHR 544 (check)

Comparison of pod size and pod filling

Fari

dkot

(Pu

nja

b)

Rop

ar

(Pu

nja

b)

West T

ripu

ra (T

ripu

ra)

Sen

ap

ati (M

an

ipu

r)

Gondia (Maharashtra)

Phulwama (J & K)

Rajkot (Gujarat)

Farm Science Centres(KVKs

)

.

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

.

12/6 19/6 6/6 3/710/7 17/7 24/7 31/7 7/8 14/8 21/8 28/8 4/9 11/9 18/9 25/9

% d

evi

atio

n

Integration with ground data

Rainfall deviations

June

September

October

July

August

National Agricultural Drought Assessment & Monitoring System

-0.27

-0.26

0.05 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 >0.6

Sowing progress

SeptemberJuly

District/ Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring

Molecular Plant Breeding

Improved Pusa

Basmati 1 RiceExports worth

US$ 2.5 bn annually

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

45

58

60

3745

55

53

5159

51

43

46

38

57 60

45

45

59

35

55 55

45 43

59

45

67

69

7281

35

52

Yield (Q/ha)

Rice GenomeTotal sequence: 15 Mb

No. of genes: 2500

Chromosome 11 has 218 disease resistance-like genes (> 20 % of the whole genome)

Rice varietal development

Rice Knowledge Management Portal

To create, manage and share scientific, technology-related and market-related information for the benefit of the rice as a sector

Information System for

ServicesExtensionResearchFarmersDistance Learning

33.7 36

45.5 46 46.8

44 45.1

45.7

45.8

45.4

35.3 42

.5 47.1 51

.3

61.5

48.9

63

62.9

61.5 61 64.1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Yiel

d Po

tent

ial (

Q/h

a)

Variety (Year of Release)

Landmark wheat releases in India

Corn

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2011-12 2015-16 2020-21 2025-26

67

89

12.5

16.5

20.5

22.5

3.54.5

6.5

10.5

22

28

35

42

Utilization (m

t)

Year

Food Feed

Industrial Total

GR set for Agriculture: 4%

Required GR: 4.7%

Current GR: 6.4 %

Current GR > target

Current production 21.5 mt

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000Productivity (kg/ha)

Production (m t)

Area (m ha)

Are

a,

Pro

du

cti

on

Yie

ld

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Wheat Paddy Gram Moong Arhar Groundnut Rape/ mustard Soybean

2004-05 2005-06

2006-07 2007-08

Breeder Seed Production in ‘000

Quintals

Improvement in Seed Replacement Rate (SRR)

2009 - 10

Crop Variety Releases

PPP: Crop Varieties: PUSA RH -10 and PUSA-1460 (Rice); HD 2967 (Wheat); and PEHM-5, QPM-9,

Vivek Hybrid- 9 (Maize)

Commercialized to More than 40 Seed Companies

Sensitization

Training & Capacity Building

Legal & Commercial Handholding

Transforming Farmers into Agripreneurs

- Where Farmer Grows

Net Water Productivity of Rice-Fish Farming Systems

R-Rice, R-F- Rice- fish, R-FHC- Rice- fish –hort. crops,

RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system

1

2

3

4

0 2 4 6 8

10

12

14

16

4

5

6

25

US C/m3

R R

-F R

-F-H

C R

-FD

F

Vegetable; 146.554

Fruits; 74.878

Aromatic; 0.605000000000001

Flowers;

70.058

Plantation Crops; 12.007

Spices; 5.35

Mushroom; 0.041

Honey; 0.065

Horticulture Produces (mt)

IPM & CBC

Acerophagus papayae

Pseudleptomastix mexicana

Partnership Model for control of Papaya mealy bugAgri-IntelligenceSurveillanceForecasting

1950-51 1968-69 1990-91 2006-070.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

17.00 21.20

53.90

127124.00

112.00

176.00

281

Milk production (MT)Per capita availability (g/day)

1950-51 1968-69 1990-91 2006-070.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

1.83 5.30

21.10

65

5.0010.00

25.00

53Egg production (billion nos)Per capita availability (nos/h/yr)

Major Gains in Animal ProductionIndia – leader in milk production for a decade

Area-based Mineral mixture as a major intervention

2010-11

2010-11

ETT Mithun calf born from cryopreserved embryo

India's first Ovum pick up – IVF cattle

calf

Noori – Cloning Glory AI in Pig

Ten Calves produced

in a year through ETT

AquacultureBlue revolution through Carp CultureImproved Rohu thru’ selectionDiversified farmingShrimp as a Dollar earner

Cage Farming

Fish Festiv

al

Fish vendors with insulated boxes

Machines demonstrated and found wide adoption in different regions

Paddy drum seeder

Farm mechanization

Paddy transplanter

Power Tiller

Zero till drill

Groundnut sheller

Manual weeder

Plastic mulching

Rice-wheat mechanisation

Prototype tractor with data sensors tested for stability.

Efficiently collects large scale data in fields.

Paddy transplanter mounted with N sensor, Multispectral

camera and GPS

Machinery for Precision Farming

Prototype of High Clearance Tractor

N sensor

Multispectral camera

Collects reflectance and crop image data of rice field

N-sensor, Multispectral Camera and GPS mounted on paddy vehicle (modified paddy transplanter)

Prediction models or patterns (disease, productivity) can be generated.

Ergonomic/Gender-friendly tools and equipment

High Women workforce in agriculture – both production and processing

Reducing drudgery and mainstreaming

Impact of Mechanization

CropYield increase

(%)

Reduction in cost of

production (%)

Castor 23 45

Cotton 22 34

Sorghum 36 38

Groundnut

18 20

Finger millet

35 32

Redgram 18 35

Soybean 20 35

Maize 27 33

US President’s Interaction

6th November, 2010

Termed ICAR Tools as ‘Appropriate Technologies’

Annual production: 2,40,000 flowers

Av. sale price per flower : US 4 cent

Av. cost of production/flower: US 2 cent

Net profit : US $ 4363 per annum

= US $ 363 per month

Economics of 100 sq meter greenhouse

Output per batch20,000

seedlings

Average number of batches per year 5

Total output per annum 1,00,000

Average cost of raising one seedling 0.36 cent

Average cost of seedling 0.9 cent

Net return US $ 546

Protected Cultivation

Solar tunnel drier

Drying time2-3 days as compared to 10-12 days in open

Savings in energy6,000 kWh/annum/unit

Renewable energy

Solid state biogas plantIncrease in gas yield

20% as compared to conventional plant

Reduction in water requirement

80%

Economic Benefit US $ 73/plant/annum

‘Primary Agriculture to

Secondary Agriculture’

ParametersBefore

feeding sorghum

After feeding

sorghum

Age (yrs)45.5 ±

5.1145.5 ±

5.11 Fasting Glucose (mg/dl)

149.9 ± 48.51

135.7 ± 61.41

HbA1C (%) 7.6 ± 1.40 7.3 ± 1.49Insulin (µU/ml)

23.7 ± 17.25

22.6 ± 16.47

Creatinine (mg/dl)

0.9 ± 0.200.9 ± 0.18

Cholesterol (mg/dl)

210.3 ± 58.04

183.2 ± 41.99

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

130.4 ± 69.45

113.5 ± 89.67

Wine & Ethanol

Wine from Jamun, Karonda and

Pomegrenate (8-12%)

Sorghum Ethanol: 1100

l /ha

Litchi WineProduction: 450,000 t

Yield: 11.5%

Value Chain in Flowers

Garlands

Hair adornment products

Identified native species, standardized dyeing techniques, developed products and their packaging technology

Exporting about 1600 t/year valued at about US $ 1.73 million

Value Chain on Banana Pseudostem

About 10,000 kg of fibre extracted with 20 raspador units installed

Total net income earned by farmers: US$ 6,000

Employment generated (man days): 2,960

Income earned by laborers: US$ 4,000

India: 27 mt fruit yield45 mt pseudostem waste

Agricultural R&D

NARS: strategic partnership of with other scientific organizations and international system

Self-sufficiency in food production and surplus in some commodities

TFP share up to 70% in output growth; recent IRR 46%

Reduction in real cost of production 1-2% annually

Whe

at

Bajra

Moo

ng

Soyb

ean

-2.5

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

-2.3

-2.1-2.1-2.0

-1.9

-1.7

-1.6

-1.3

-1.1-1.1-1.0-1.0

-0.8

-0.4

Annual decrease (%) in real cost of production, 1975-2005

AUs: Students Intake & Placement in Agriculture

-5

5

15

25

35

45

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1995 2010

UniversitiesStudents

Un

ivers

itie

s

Stu

den

ts

x1

00

0

Years

50%

20%

7%

3%5%

1%2% 12%

in Govt. Departments in Private Sectoras Teachers in Researchin Banks in NGOsSelf Employed in Others

UG,25000

Masters, 8000

Ph.D., 2000

Placement

Niche Areas of Excellence

30 Units

Experiential Learning

245 Units

RCTs

Medicinal and aromatic plants

Arsenic toxicity

Temperate fruits

Fish production

Vermi-composting

Bio-fertilizer

Mushroom

Apiary

Poultry

Inland saline soils for aquaculture

Functional fermented dairy products with synbiotics

Biofuels

Agro-processing

Bakery and confectionary products

Value addition in Aonla, Mango, Tomato and ‘Kagzi’ lime

A Framework For Technology Development And Delivery System

OutcomeEnhanced Profitability, Productivity, Sustainability, Livelihood, Security, Employment

generation, Competitiveness and Food, Nutrition & Environmental Security

Farmers

ACTIVITIES INSTITUTIONS OUTPUT

Basic & Strategic Research

National: ICAR Institutes and Universities

National / Region-Specific Strategic Research: SAUs,

AICRPs, Private Sector

Principles, Processes and Methodologies

KNOWLEDGE

Applied & Adaptive Research

Technologies & Products

SAUs / AICRPs

Private Sector Proprietary Products

ATMAs(District Level)

Location, Situation,

System specific Technologies

Panchayat & Village

KVKs, ZRSs

SAUs

Technology Assessment,

Refinement and Demonstration

Line Departments

Co-Ops, NGOs, PRIs Block

ICTs, Mass

Media etc

Basic District Level Interactive Extension Model (BDLIEM)

‘Reaching the Unreached’

m-Krishi Fisheries Advisory Service

Degree Programs Covered

B.Sc. (Agri.), B.V.Sc. & AH, B.Sc. (Hort.), B.F.Sc., B. Sc. (Home Sci.), B. Tech (Dairy Tech), B. Tech (Agril. Engg.)

e-Course

s

Network of Indian Agri-Business Incubators (10 BPDUs)

Global Conference on Women in Agriculture

13-15 March, 2012, New Delhi, India

Farm Innovators: Partners in ‘Rainbow Revolution’

IPR and Technology CommercializationPatents (2012)

Applications filed 50

Cumulative 726

Granted Patents 137

Foreign Patent Applications 3 PCT + A few National Phase

Plant Varieties

Applications Filed 842

Published Applications 503

Registered / protected Varieties

198

Trademarks (21)

“PUSA” by IARI, New Delhi

“ARKA” by IIHR, Bengaluru

“IISR” by IISR (Spices), Calicut

“KNOCK WP” and “TRIVIR 1%” by DOR, Hyderabad

“CIFAX”, “CIFABROOD” “Jayanti Rohu” by CIFA, Bhubaneswar

“Vanaraja” and “Gramapriya” by PD Poultry, Hyderabad

Copyrights (35)

Registered copyrights on Softwares

CIAE, Bhopal

DSR (Soybean), Indore

NBFGR, Lucknow

NBPGR, New Delhi

Seeds

Farm Implements & Machinery

Diagnostics & Vaccines

Value Added Products

Professional Services & Turnkey Projects

Overseas Operations

AGRINNOVATEINDIA

World Bank Projects to facilitate Paradigm shift

Paradigms Projects Funding Period

Research (Infrastructure)

NARP I & IIUS $ 142 million

1978-1996

HRD (Quality, relevance)

AHRDUS $ 74.2

million1995-2003

Technology (PSR, MM, CGP, COE, O&M, ITD)

NATPUS $ 188 million

1998-2005

Technology into Use (Innovation, System) (PCS, SRLS, BSR, O&M)

NAIPUS $ 250 million

2006-2014

190 Subprojects; 188 Leaders & 646 Partners; 364 Organisations; 125,000 Stakeholders (Private, FOs, NGOs)Proposed NAEP in 2013

ApproachSecondary Agriculture, Speciality Agriculture

Consortia Research Platforms

National Agricultural Innovation Foundation

National Agricultural Education ProjectAgri-Tech Foresight Centre (ATFC)

FIM Fabrication & Primary Processing hubs

QA & Certification facilities

ApproachAg. R&D Policy

Vision-2050

TAP & GAP

Farmer FIRST

Student READY

ARYA (Attracting & Retaining Youth in Agriculture)

Climate Resilient & Diversified Agriculture

Evergreen and Rainbow Revolution and Assured diversification in food basket

Agriculture as a sought after vocation and career

Food-Self-Reliant and Healthy India

We foresee…

THANK YOU