View
3
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Proceedings of the International ConferencePreventive and Planned Conservation
Monza, Mantova - 5-9 May 2014
Sguardi ed esperienze sulla conservazionedel patrimonio storico architettonico
Proceedings of the International ConferencePreventive and Planned Conservation
Monza, Mantova - 5-9 May 2014
Comitato scientificoCarlo Blasi, Universita di Parma, ItalyFederico Bucci, Politecnico di Milano, ItalyFausto Cardoso Martinez, University of Cuenca, EcuadorAngelo Ciribini, Universita di Brescia, ItalyNigel Dann, University of the West of England, United KingdomStefano Della Torre, Politecnico di Milano, ItalySasa Dobricic, University of Nova Gorica, SloveniaXavier Greffe, Universite Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne, FranceMassimo Montella, Universita di Macerata, ItalyElena Mussinelli, Politecnico di Milano, ItalyChristian Ost, ICHEC Brussels Management School, BelgiumAna Pereira Roders, University of Eindhoven, HollandPietro Petraroia, Eupolis Lombardia, ItalyMario Santana Quintero, Carleton University, CanadaKoenraad Van Balen, UNESCO Chair for PRECOMOS, KU Leuven, Belgium Minja Yang, RLICC, KU Leuven, BelgiumRossella Moioli, Distretto Culturale Monza e Brianza, Italy (coordinamento)
Segreteria scientifica del convegno:Maria Paola Borgarino, Stefania BossiPolitecnico di Milano, Dipartimento ABC - Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering
Atti a cura di Stefano Della TorreCuratela editoriale: Maria Paola BorgarinoImpaginazione e collaborazione alla revisione dei testi: Cristina Boniotti
Politecnico di Milano - Dipartimento ABC - Architecture, Built Environment and Construction EngineeringFondazione Cariplo, progetto Distretti CulturaliDistretto Culturale Evoluto di Monza e Brianza - Provincia di Monza e della BrianzaDistretto Culturale Le Regge dei Gonzaga
Con il patrocinio della
@ 2014 Politecnico di Milano e Nardini EditoreTutti i diritti sono riservati
Copertina Ennio Bazzoni
Stampato per Nardini Editore
Le immagini contenute in questo volume sono fornite dagli autori alPolitecnico di Milano e all’editore sotto la propria esclusiva responsabilitàe sono state utilizzate per scopo didattico e per divulgazione.L’editore è disponibile a riconoscere la paternità delle immagini ad altriche la dimostrino, e a citare gli aventi diritto nelle successive edizioni.
NARDINI EDITORE
Proceedings of the International ConferencePreventive and Planned Conservation
Monza, Mantova - 5-9 May 2014
A cura di Stefano Della TorreCuratela editoriale Maria Paola Borgarino
2
Sguardi ed esperienzesulla conservazionedel patrimoniostorico architettonico
Indice
MONITORING HERITAGE VALUES: WHAT’S NEW?Ana Pereira Roders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pag. 1
ASSESSING CULTURAL CAPITAL IN PREVENTIVE CONSERVATION: TOWARDS A NEW PARADIGMFOR ECONOMICS OF CONSERVATIONChristian Ost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 11
CONSERVANDO I SEGNI DELLA MEMORIA. STRATEGIE PER IL CAMPO DI FOSSOLI (CARPI)Marco Pretelli, Andrea Ugolini, Paolo Faccio, Chiara Mariotti, Alessia Zampini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 17
VALORIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE BUILT HERITAGE OF FORTIFIED TOWNS:THE CASES OF THE UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITES OF SABBIO-NETA, ITALY,AND VISBY, SWEDENMattias Legnér, Davide Del Curto, Kristin Balksten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 29
I COLLEGI UNIVERSITARI DI GIANCARLO DE CARLO AD URBINO: DALLA PROGRAMMAZIONEDEGLI INTERVENTI ALLA COSTRUZIONE DI UNA STRATEGIA DI GESTIONEMaria Paola Borgarino, Andrea Canziani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 45
CONSERVAZIONE PREVENTIVA E PROGRAMMATA PER UN FINE COMUNE: UN’ESPERIENZA IN AMBITO LIGUREDaniela Pittaluga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 57
UN PROGETTO COLORE PER CASTIGLIONE OLONA (VA): BUONE PRATICHEPER LA VALORIZZAZIONEMargherita Bertoldi, Susanna Bortolotto, Lucia Toniolo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 57
RETROFIT E PROGETTAZIONE AMBIENTALE DEGLI INSEDIAMENTI ESISTENTI:PROPOSTA DI UNA PROCEDURA STANDARDIZZATA PER LA RIQUALIFICAZIONEENERGETICA DEL PATRIMONIO EDILIZIO ESISTENTE TRA STORIA E MODERNITÀ Maria Cristina Forlani, Fabrizio Chella, Michele Lepore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 83
CONOSCENZA, CONSERVAZIONE E VALORIZZAZIONE. LE OCCASIONI OFFERTEDALLA SEDE DEL SERVIZIO BENI CULTURALI DELL’OSPEDALE MAGGIORE DI MILANOMariangela Carlessi, Paolo M. Galimberti, Alessandra Kluzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 93
RESTI E RUDERI DI STRUTTURE FORTIFICATE IN PROVINCIA DI NOVARA:STUDI PER UNA STRATEGIA DI CONSERVAZIONE E VALORIZZAZIONECarla Bartolozzi, Francesco Novelli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 105
segue
MOBILIZATION OF HERITAGE VALUES IN CONFLICT-AFFECTED CONTEXTSIN FAVOUR OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: ANALYSING THE CASE STUDYOF THE NICOSIA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINALEmilia Siandou. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 119
LA DIMENSIONE DEGLI SPAZI APERTI NEL PROCESSO DI CONSERVAZIONEE VALORIZZAZIONE DEL PAESAGGIO STORICO URBANORoberto Bolici, Cristiana Giordano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 133
METODI E AZIONI PER LA VALORIZZAZIONE DEL PATRIMONIO RURALE.IL PROGETTO DI SVILUPPO LOCALE DELLE CORTI BONORIS A MANTOVAChiara Agosti, Raffaella Riva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 143
IL PATRIMONIO CULTURALE IMMOBILIARE PUBBLICO DISMESSO: TRA VALORIZZAZIONEE CONSERVAZIONEGiusi Leali, Silvia Mirandola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 155
IL SISTEMA ITALIANO DEI PAESAGGI VITIVINICOLI: IDENTITÀ, QUALITÀ E INNOVAZIONEAlessandra Benevelli, Cristina Coscia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 165
IL SASSO E LO STAGNO: LA CONSERVAZIONE COME STRATEGIA DI VALORIZZAZIONEPER LO SVILUPPO LOCALEFrancesca Buccafurri, Sergio Raimondo, Mirella Scianda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 177
PLANNED CONSERVATION AND CULTURAL ENHANCEMENT STRATEGY:THE VESUVIUS’S UNESCO ARCHEOLOGICAL SITE MANAGEMENTMarina D’Aprile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 189
LA VALORIZZAZIONE DI EDIFICI STORICI. METODI E STRUMENTI PER ORIENTARELE STRATEGIE DI INTERVENTOMarzia Morena, Maria Luisa Del Gatto, Anna Gornati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 199
AUMENTARE IL VALORE DELL’ARCHITETTURA: UNO STRUMENTO PER LA VALUTAZIONEE IL MONITORAGGIO DEL POTENZIALE DEGLI EDIFICIAntonio Invernale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 209
MONZA: UN NUOVO RUOLO PER LE AREE DISMESSE A SUD DELLA CITTÀRaffaella Neri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 223
VILLE VENETE, UNA RISORSA PER LO SVILUPPO CULTURALE ED ECONOMICO DEL TERRITORIOLivio Petriccione, Federico Bulfone Gransinigh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 235
segue Indice
IL SISTEMA DEI MULINI NEL TERRITORIO DELLE MADONIE IN SICILIA: LE RAGIONIDELLA CONSERVAZIONE E LE RAGIONI DELLA VALORIZZAZIONEAntonella Cangelosi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 247
CULTURAL HERITAGE AND THE FUTURE OF TERRITORY: A PARTECIPATIVE EXPERIENCEBETWEEN MAINTENANCE AND ENHANCEMENT IN A SMALL MUNICIPALITYLOCATED IN EMILIAFlaviano Celaschi, Daniele Fanzini, Irina Rotaru, Cecilia Medri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 259
THE REINFORCEMENT OF RATIONALIST ARCHITECTURE. RAISE AWARENESSOF THIS HERITAGE’S VALUE: IDENTITYCristina del Bosch Martín . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 271
EDILIZIA RESIDENZIALE PUBBLICA E CONSERVAZIONE: IL CASO DEL VILLAGGIOOLIMPICO DI ROMASimona Salvo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 281
THE HALIC METRO CROSSING BRIDGE IN ISTANBUL: A BRIDGE BETWEENCONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENTEnzo Siviero, Michele Culatti, Alessandro Stocco, Viviana Martini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 293
WHAT KIND OF CONSERVATION POLICIES FOR ISLAMIC HISTORIC CITIES?Cecilia Fumagalli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 303
HISTORICAL PUNJABI CITIES AND THEIR URBAN FABRIC TRANSFORMATIONIN THE CONTEMPORARY ERADaniele Beacco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 313
SAFEGUARDING HISTORIC URBAN WATERFRONT IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.MOSUL OLD CITY AS A CASE STUDYEmad Hani Ismaeel, Nahith Taha Alkaymaqchi, Mumtaz Hazim Aldewachi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 325
HISTORIC BUILDING VALORISATION IN THE CONSERVATION PROCESS IN JAKARTATeguh Utomo Atmoko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 343
FROM COOPERATIVE WORK TO A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH FOR A DYNAMICAND RESPONSIBLE APPROPRIATION OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE: CASE OF SCHOOLPROJECT OF CREATION OF ART WORKS CENTER AND HERITAGE OF PORTO-NOVOTOWN (BENIN)Gbénahou Roch Alfred A. Kiki, Kiki Mahoutin Richard, Alexandre Mascarenhas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 353
segue
THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY IN THE RESTORATION OF TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE:A CASE STUDY OF NAM PHO TRUNG COMMUNAL HOUSE (PHU THUONG COMMUNE,PHU VANG DISTRICT, THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE, VIETNAM)Nguyen Thang Long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 367
ARMONIZZARE I PRINCIPI EUROPEI DI CONSERVAZIONE E RESTAURO DEI BENI CULTURALICON NECESSITÀ E RISORSE DELLA CULTURA CINESE. TUTELA, SVILUPPO E AUTENTICITÀNELL’APPROCCIO CINESE ALLA CONSERVAZIONE.Alessandro Pergoli Campanelli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” 379
segue Indice
PPC Conference 2014
313
HISTORICAL PUNJABI CITIES AND THEIR URBAN FAB-RIC TRANSFORMATION IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA
Daniele Beacco Politecnico di Milano, Department of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction
Engineering
Abstract
Historical cities across the Islamic countries represent the widest complex
of cultural homogeneous urban settlements in the world. Safeguarding
historical cities in developing countries like Pakistan requires a particular
attention towards complex and unexpected political socio-cultural events.
The historical Pakistani cities are nowadays touched by a growing
transformation process that are affecting many of their ancient sites and
surroundings that are spreading with an unplanned strategy, from the
dangerous perspective of endless resources. In this context it appears necessary
to gain flexible urban analysis planning instruments in order to acquire a wide
knowledge on a vast architectural heritage with the characteristic of adaptability
along with the multilevel management stages of surveys and projects.
Historic buildings contain the collective memory and their decline
represents a loss of our identity. Some examples will identify how to contrast
this annihilation process through the increasing awareness of the citizen
involving local students and collaborations with the local municipalities in order
to analyze the city with the traditional and advanced tools for an integrated
urban methodology analysis.
This contribution presents results of recent studies conducted by the
author during the doctoral period concerning the Pakistani Punjab region and
Multan city, analyzing the survey strategy and tools, taking into account a
multidisciplinary method, local and international policies able to involve local
resources, and increasing the local awareness regarding challenges in urban
conservation and new design perspective in historical centers with attention to
energy conservation.
Old cities in transformation
“The architectural Islamic heritage which reflects the message of the holy Quran
throughout the centuries and by a variety of nations, united by the idea of umma (the Islamic
community), counts as one of the most important achievements of mankind’s cultural heritage”
(Bianca, 1980: 1).
Sguardi ed esperienze sulla conservazione del patrimonio storico architettonico
314
Pakistan is part of this extended Islamic world and the preservation of its
historical centers is now considered a great challenge due to the increasing
dynamic processes that cause the decomposition of the old city structures. The
latest city transformations are producing vast demolition of precious building
artifacts not recognized as an evocative repository of memories, knowledge and
identity. The Punjab, as one of the region where the demographic pressure are
influencing its city transformations, includes part of a vast architectural heritage
that needs to be preserved for future generations. It is an integrated part of the
Islamic world heritage that is considered “the largest and most complex of numerous
culturally homogeneous historic towns on the entire planet, spread over a vast region of three
continents which often constitute the backbone of essential urban ruins which remain readable,
even where they meet other, newer forms of urbanization” (Cuneo, 1986: 7).
In this vulnerable context the interest in architecture and urban planning is
quite a new subject and the historical elements on which it is possible to under-
stand the physical spatial planning and their morphological patterns are repre-
sented by just a few recent studies, unable to determine the character of city, its
establishment, historical developments, use of local techniques and materials in
relation to the local climate and the relationship among the different urban
patterns of other Punjabi cities (Fig. 1). The existing situation does not facilitate
the attempt to investigate these architectural aspects because of the economic
pressures that are threatening old artifacts with demolition and new impersonal
constructions (in terms of typology, proportions and materials). Uninterrupted
and incremental transformations, growth and evolutions are integral aspects of
these Punjabi towns, but now the transition from traditional economy to mod-
ern development defines dynamic changes due to large scale commercial devel-
opment.
Besides these economic and social influences, the lack of sensitivity toward
the old city and a real understanding of its heritage character are creating warns
among local and international researchers about the survival of the urban
structure considered as a complex old artifact remained almost intact till now.
In order to draw the attention towards the preservation of ancient settlements,
the author Abdul Rehman, one of the few contemporary researchers of urban
studies across the Punjab cities, wrote that “towns and settlements are the most
precious collective inventions of civilization. They represent the three dimensional physical
forms, collective, socio cultural and ideological values and attitudes and are thus second only to
language in the transmission of culture” (Rehman, 1997: 283).
PPC Conference 2014
315
The Legislation framework in Pakistan
The conservation of the cultural heritage in Pakistan started during the
British occupation with the Ancient Monuments Preservation Act 1904 (AMP
act) as a logical culmination of a half century of experience gained in archeological surveys,
excavation, conservation of monuments and epigraphical research. It was designed to provide
effective protection to monuments and moveable antiquities and to regulate excavations
(Mughal, 1998: 2). In 1968 the replacement of AMP act by the Antiquity Act
redefined the age threshold of a building considering ancient those that were
built before May 1857, under the supervision of the Department of
Archeology. The Antiquities Act of 1968 was replaced with another one of
1975, amended in 1990; it defined an ancient building when it was more than
75 years old and new construction for the preservation of antiquities asks the
respect of the preserved area within a distance of 200 feet. Besides this Act the
government of Punjab introduced its own legislation named “The Punjab
Special Premises (Preservation) Ordinance” in 1985. The Federal Government
has the responsibility for the conservation of the cultural heritage, but at the
same time, some provinces created lists of monuments that have to be
preserved. There are no conflicts regarding the management of conservation
projects between federal Departments of Archeology and other non-
governmental organizations.
The formation of local institutions focused on cultural heritage
conservation has been a result of the opening of the subject of archeology for
monument preservation and recent city Masterplans are involving numerous
stakeholders creating the base for the development of studies and conservation
projects: “So far, the transfer of the management and control of two world heritage sites, the
Lahore Fort and Shalimar Gardens, to the Punjab government appears to be successful.
There is a visible change in the presentation and maintenance of these monuments. A
concerted effort was made to prepare conservation projects on scientific lines based on detailed
study and investigation of the monuments and documenting them” (Zaman, 2011). Besides
the recent efforts to align the local policies with international standards, the
British method and traditions in studying and preserving ancient artifacts
remains the fundamentally recognized important theoretical procedure: “The
tradition of publishing results of excavations, conservations, epigraphy and numismatic
research and acquisitions of antiquities by the museums under the control of the federal
government has unfortunately been not maintained to that degree of excellence and promptness
which was seen during the British Indian times”(Zaman, 2011). In addition to these
efforts the situation in some overpopulated city areas is critical due to the
difficulties to remove encroachments, and to deal with bureaucratic processes.
Sguardi ed esperienze sulla conservazione del patrimonio storico architettonico
316
The local municipalities are making a great effort in managing and re-
connecting the urban parts and making an order across extended unplanned
areas. The numerous attempts of beautification promoted by the municipalities
demonstrate the increasing willingness for city betterment. The results are
sometimes a series of demolition of minor architecture that contrasts with the
aim of conservation of old artifacts; that happen also because some decisions
are supported by an uncertain institutional framework and these radical urban
transformation events underline the different processes of Western countries
and approaches of Eastern countries along the issue of Cultural heritage
preservation.
The City Analysis Methodological approach
A pilot area of 7 hectares inside the Walled City of Multan (central Punjab)
became the work field, an initial place to draw the first property and
architectural map of the Mohalla Bherian Wala and Gilanian, an extended
neighborhood close to the walls on the south side of the old city. The analytical
approach was promoted inside a specific pilot area in order to focus and testify
the complexity of urban studies and its measurement so as to address further
decisions and planning for a wider project of revitalization extended across the
historic core of Multan (Bruno, 2014: 163).
The only existing map 1:2000 scale discovered at the local Multan
Development Authority revealed the impossibility to use it as a comprehensive
urban map and its geo-referenced base for further and more detailed urban
analysis. No other aerial map was collected before and the difficulties in
understanding this detailed city could be addressed starting with a complex
strategy of surveys with traditional and high tech methods.
Without any reliable document and map the metrical survey, as a
fundamental activity and instrument for the architectural comprehension of the
city, started thanks to a group of students of the local University Bahauddin
Zakarya of Multan within the research team of Politecnico di Milano, drawing
on a clean slate the urban form of the old city of Multan. The all
multidisciplinary survey measurements had the fundamental characteristic of
being an ensemble of gradual improvement of the new urban map creation.
The first step of the survey was organized by a free hand drawing map sketch
and consequently a traditional metric survey with the urban nucleus
interpolating their boundaries with a detailed satellite map. The second part was
devoted to the match of the preliminary metrical measurement with the
topographic survey and its instrument supported by the Aga Khan Trust for
PPC Conference 2014
317
Culture and at the end with the use of the laser scanner. Beside these
measurements a collateral GIS survey has been developed in order to create the
information and spatial matrix for research urban computing. The methodology
covered a wide range of tools and survey techniques starting from traditional
measurements to survey innovation like LiDAR.
Along the first phase the students were lead by the author of this article
across the city outlining on a satellite image the shape of the macro urban block
and the bazaar roads. The mapping activity promotes the comprehension of the
city through the senses, observing carefully with the help of sensory cognition
without, at the first stages, the necessity of a precise topographic metrical
analysis but fostering the students’ attention toward the capability of
understanding the structural and compositional logic of the old city. Sketching
the urban fabric, the street layout, the building tissue, and the house type
promoted an educational experience based more on active understanding rather
than passive explanation. The training based on free hand drawings gave the
opportunity to look intently and described the physical reality, tracking of the
morphology of the city starting from the definition of macro areas and in detail
the single architectural artifact (Fig. 2). Drawings were therefore spotlighted as
a fundamental analysis, where the process of knowing the urban organism and
its element was proposed by Durand; “in the relation of the parts to the whole a
sequence of relationship is established in the built object. The architectural materials are first
organized to form structure such as walls, framing and roofing. These in turn are used to form
rooms, the rooms grouped together to form buildings, and the building grouped to create blocks,
and so until a city is built” (Petruccioli, 2007: 29).
The observation and drawings of the urban space go beyond the mere
functional classification; we determined maps of buildings with their shape and
dimension relations, highlighting the architectural quality instead of their mere
functions (Fig. 3). The building use has a more dynamic transformation
compared to the architectural shape and that fact does not determine a full
scale comprehension of the city identity as a tangible data. This meticulous
method that underlines how to understand the urban fabric, the city and its
territory became a detailed analytic tool to better understand the Punjab region,
its unique architectural characteristics and the cultural Koinè.
The survey became detailed, based on the topographic methods, surveying
the roads and determining their hierarchy, typical inside an Islamic city, where
the connectivity is described by a gradual passage from a public to the private
space. The survey of eight houses inside an old city (Fig. 4) determined the
revelation of precise construction codes with the permanence of a small central
Sguardi ed esperienze sulla conservazione del patrimonio storico architettonico
318
courtyard as a wind catcher and the discovery cavities similar to elongated
chimneys for natural ventilation made this place a unique architecture field.
The role of this educational program was an important experience that
allows the transmission of a new vocabulary and the information diffusion of
the international conservation doctrine. We address our activity in filling the
gap between cultural visions on preserving the cultural heritage analyzing the
urban space introducing theories and best practices in similar contexts. The
information exchange was also based on traditional building techniques and the
use of local material through a series of interviews involving the local building
workers as subject matter experts of traditional construction procedures that
have never been mentioned in any document, as an essential source of
information for preservation projects.
The urban analysis has the objective of considering the city as a whole
cultural and architectural heritage with transversal and multidisciplinary analysis,
“not privilege the exception of monuments, but the everyday fabric, is the re-evaluation of the
notion of building: either as traditional technical expertise that has disappeared or as dwelling
as minor architecture. Technical expertise has disappeared, not because it is obsolete, but
because it has been driven out of the market by new materials” (Petruccioli, 2007: 19).
The GIS survey has been interrelated to the previous analytical activities
and was carried out as an instrument of Urban Analysis, interpolated with the
analytical drawings able to define the urban structure of the Walled City. The
data collection has been structured following a specific form sheet in order to
determine essential issues regarding the numbers of inhabitants, access to
domestic infrastructure such as water, electricity, gas, sewer and its related
quality standards. Besides comprehensive issues regarding the building dating,
building typology and construction materials, the survey also took into account
the elementary building type. With this kind of direct studies the GIS format
enriched the number of aspects and architectural characteristics due to daily
discoveries regarding soil morphology and the form of the city, the structure of
roads and the presence of bazaars (Bruno, 2014: 166).
Additionally, to the traditional metric survey, we integrated the urban
studies with the use of LiDAR technology, detailing and making faster and
more precise our data harvesting; “the advantage does not rely only on time saving, but
mostly on accuracy and management of digital data. Digital tools and media offer many new
opportunities for collecting and disseminating information about heritage sites” (Guzzetti,
Cattaneo, Tucci, Fiorini, Conti, 2014: 113).
Using this machinery reduced the permanence on the field and gave the
possibility to determine the level of survey precision referring to requirements
PPC Conference 2014
319
and needs. It reveals one of the most adaptable methodologies in environment
that requires an immediate intervention, rapidity and accuracy in its spatial and
geometrical quality.
Conclusion
This type of survey became the most suitable method to collect data in a
complicated environment, as the city and its constant crowdedness does not
allow a permanence for long survey campaigns. Besides this fast and even
precise tool, the combination with traditional metric survey creates an
innovative integrated method of urban analysis, where a fast harvesting of
information given by LiDAR technology and the traditional metrical survey
house by house delivered an essential database for a detailed city map and the
basic layer where it was possible to introduce a GIS structure and database. The
further positive contribution of a fast survey and a slow survey has been given by
the collaboration with the local technicians and the university students in
compiling the GIS data. This collaboration and tool integration was an
occasion to produce some theoretical reflection upon architecture and heritage,
its knowledge and future management conservation in a specific area where
these topics have recently started to be discussed widely.
This experience attempts to give an example of how a conservation project
could be shared across different technical disciplines and among different
stakeholders. The project attitude towards a wide sharing, aimed primarily at
the approach of a complete human development, promotes education as an
essential driver for a preventive and planned conservation. We work to make
the new generation aware of their profession in a vulnerable country, sharing
with them the duty to be the custodians of strategic knowledge, encouraging
their scientific research activity, aiming for the creation of local theoretical
independence, but still interacting thought, regarding the preservation of the
shared world architectural heritage.
Bibliographic references
Bianca S. (1980), Historic Islamic City Centers and Outstanding
Monuments to be Safeguarded, Symposium on Conservation and Restoration of the
Islamic Architectural Heritage, UNESCO (11 February 1980).
Bruno F. (2014), The Walled City of Mulatan: Characters of the Settlement
Structure and GIS as an Instrument of Urban Analysis. In Del Bo A., Bignami
D. F. (eds.), Sustainable Social, Economic and Environmental Revitalization in Multan
City. A Multidisciplinary Italian-Pakistani Project. Springer.
Sguardi ed esperienze sulla conservazione del patrimonio storico architettonico
320
Cuneo P. (1986), Storia dell’urbanistica. Il mondo islamico. Bari: Editori Laterza.
Guzzetti F., Cattaneo N., Tucci G., Fiorini L., Conti A. (2014), Ground
Survey: An Integrated Survey for Urban and Architectural Heritage
Conservation and Management. In Del Bo A., Bignami D. F. (eds.), Sustainable
Social, Economic and Environmental Revitalization in Multan City. A Multidisciplinary
Italian-Pakistani Project. Springer.
Mughal R. (1998), Heritage Legislation in Pakistan, The World Heritage News-
letter, April-June.
Petruccioli A. (2007), After amnesia: learning from the Islamic Mediterranean urban
fabric. Bari: ICAR.
Rehman A. (1997), Historic Towns of Punjab: Ancient and Mediaeval Period. La-
hore: Ferozsons.
Zaman M. (2011), Laws governing heritage. Heritage Preservation in
Pakistan, Dawn, August 28, 2011. Accessed April 3, 2014. URL:
www.dawn.com/news/653382/excerpt-laws-governing-heritage.
PPC Conference 2014
321
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Sguardi ed esperienze sulla conservazione del patrimonio storico architettonico
322
Fig. 3
PPC Conference 2014
323
Fig. 4
Recommended