OA 2015 Biological impacts of OA DUPONT

Biological impacts of OA

2 or 3 case studies such as molluscs,

pearl oysters, arctic specificities

Dupont Sam [sam.dupont@bioenv.gu.se]

Third International Workshop Bridging the Gap between Ocean Acidification

Impacts and Economic Valuation “Ocean acidification impacts on coastal

communities”

Bridging the Gap between Ocean Acidification Impacts and Economic Valuation

Biology = main gap

Aim of this presentation

Well, biology is complicated…

Riebesell and Gattuso (2015) Nature Climate Change

… and will always be limiting

What is needed? A problem of scale…

GLOBAL challenges

GLOBAL/LOCAL data [meta-analysis -> case study]

GLOBAL options: CO2

LOCAL challenges

LOCAL options [management, adaptation, etc.]

LOCAL data [chemistry, biology, economy, policy]

It is NOT possible to test ALL species/ecosystems, in ALL locally relevant

conditions including LOCAL variability (today and future)

We need to understand the mechanisms (and avoid scenarios… when possible)

Dupont & Pörtner (2013) Nature

Right level of complexity

Theoretical revolution Take advantage of the existing theories

Identify unifying principles: physiology, ecology, evolution, etc.

Technical revolution

A strategy?

Better experimental designs & strategic plans

New technology (e.g. mesocosms)

Models (but avoid Bonini’s paradox)

Case study 1 – Risk of using scenarios

”OA biological response is species-specific”

Q? What is the impact of GW on bears

Two scenarios: - present (15C) - future (18C)

Conclusion: impact on bears is species-specific

(Van Straalen 2007)

Need to understand the biology of your species

Stress ecology and species niche

50 mmol O2 pH 7.67

250 mmol O2 pH 8.00

E.g. Burrowing species

Physiological tipping point reached when out of present range of variability

Plasticity vs stress

Pearl… jam

“It's evolution, baby Do the evolution Come on, come on, come on”

2 2

2 2

2

2

550 µatm ”control” 900 µatm

1500 µatm

F0

F1

F2

Check performance in different pCO2 for each population

Plasticity vs stress

Present range -> plasticity

Out of present range -> evolution (buffering)

Plasticity vs stress

Case study 2 – Multiple-drivers

”Stressors interaction is idiosyncratic”

Driver B (similar mode of action)

Driver A

Driver C (different mode of action)

Need to sort stressors by mode of action

Gianguzza et al. (2014) Mar. Environm. Res.

Arbacia lixula

Low temperature: positive effect of acidification

Medium temperature: neutral effect of acidification

High temperature: negative effect of acidification

Similar mode of action

Environment

Metabolism

Growth

Fitness

ENERGY LIMITATION

FASTEST GROWTH

OPTIMAL CONDITIONS

HIGHEST METABOLISM

NATURAL VARIABILITY

RANGE

METABOLIC DEPRESSION

Positive CO2

effect

Neutral CO2

effect

Negative CO2 effect

T°↑↑ T°↑↑ + CO2 ↑

T° ↑ T°↑ + CO2 ↑

T° T° + CO2 ↑

Depending on your position in your niche, acidification can have

positive, neutral or negative effects

Mortality Growth rate Morphom. Feeding Swimming Respiration

Urchin

Oil - - 0 - - 0 pH 0 - 0 0 - 0 Both -

(no interaction)

-- (no

interaction)

0 - (no

interaction)

-- (no

interaction)

0

Shrimp

Oil 0 - - - 0 0 pH/Temp - - - + + + Both -

(no interaction)

-- (no

interaction)

-- (no

interaction)

0 (no

interaction)

+ (no

interaction)

+ (no

interaction)

Different mode of action

Stressor 1 + Stressor 2 = Stressor1+2

Case study 3 – Mad men

Science supply paradigm

(Dupont et al. In Press JMBA UK)

A science based on values

(Dupont et al. 2014)

Can you taste ocean acidification?

Can you taste ocean acidification?

OA has the potential to affect taste

Unique communication opportunity

Spin doctors in action

Conclusion

Biology is complex and we will never know enough

But

- We can redefine priorities for better communication

- Technical revolution and diversification of approaches [but prioritize and avoid mistakes, e.g. stamp collecting]

- Theoretical revolution and re-evaluation of the literature