Nuclear Power In China

Nuclear Power In China

Shi Yang

Calier123456@163.com

Nuclear Power and EnvironmentNuclear Power and Environment

ContentsContents

Introduction of Nuclear PowerIntroduction of Nuclear Power

Nuclear Power and Energy SecurityNuclear Power and Energy Security

Future of China’s Nuclear PowerFuture of China’s Nuclear Power

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22

33

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Section 1 Introduction of Nuclear power

Section 1 Introduction of Nuclear power

Qianshan NPP

Nuclear PowerNuclear Power

• Nuclear power, with clean, safe, high efficiency and economic characteristics, is one of the world's supporting energy as well as coal and oil.

• Nuclear power (generally electricity) is produced from controlled nuclear.

Two forms of Nuclear Reaction

Eight types of Nuclear Reactors

The distribution of the world's The distribution of the world's NPPNPP

The distribution of ChinaThe distribution of China’’s NPPs NPP

What can we learn from the map?What can we learn from the map?

• All on the east coast in China

• The number of China’s NPP is much smaller than that in US or EU

2 units of PHWR type, 9 PWR types

Status of China’s NPPStatus of China’s NPP

11

6

9.07

11 nuclear reactors

at six plants

capacity of 9.07 million kw

52.3

52.3 billion kWh - power generation

All the 11 reactors employ second-generation nuclear power technologies

All the 11 reactors employ second-generation nuclear power technologies

3

2

4

2

11

Domestic Technology

French Technology

Russian Technology

Canadian Technology

Timeline of the Chinese Nuclear Industry, 1970 to 2020Timeline of the Chinese Nuclear Industry, 1970 to 2020

Section two nuclear power and energy security

Section two nuclear power and energy security

Energy SecurityEnergy Security

• China's energy security concerns the need for China to guarantee itself and its industries long term access to sufficient energy and energy raw materials.

• China is making more efforts to develop new energy to ensure the country's energy security and boost economic growth

DiversityDiversity EfficiencyEfficiencyConvenience

Energy Security

Nuclear power and Energy securityNuclear power and Energy security

DiversityDiversity

• China is trying to establish long-term energy security. This by investment in oil and gas fields abroad, and by diversifying its providers

• Nuclear power is viewed by the current Administration as important, perhaps essential, to maintaining that diversity.

Nuclear power capacity and generation of the World

Nuclear power capacity and generation of the World

Most of

them in

China

capacity of nuclear power in China2003-2010

capacity of nuclear power in China2003-2010

Electricity production in ChinaElectricity production in China

Source: IEO 2002 reference case

Projected Nuclear –Generated Electricity Consumption 1990 to 2025 ( Billion Kilowatt Hours) Country* 1990 2000 2001 2010 2015 2020 2025

United States 577 754 769 794 812 816 816

France 298 394 401 447 478 520 550

Germany 145 161 163 137 107 15 0

Japan 192 294 309 369 394 426 411

Canada 69 69 73 108 110 118 98

Russia 115 122 125 141 154 129 99

South Korea 50 104 107 141 171 209 220

India 6 14 18 46 55 66 66

China 0 16 17 66 129 142 154

Source: Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2004, Appendix A, Page 170

ConvenienceConvenience

• Nuclear power has an important role, especially in the coastal areas remote from the coalfields and where the economy is developing rapidly. Generally, nuclear plants can be built close to centers of demand, whereas suitable wind and hydro sites are remote from demand.

• Many inland nuclear power plants will be constructed in these interior province.

ConvenienceConvenience

EfficiencyEfficiency

Innovation is the key to nuclear power development. China is calling for enterprises to adopt advanced technology and enhance self-innovation.

To improve the efficiency of its domestic energy markets. China is actively looking for smarter energy technology

SANMEN, Zhejiang, April 19 (Xinhua) -- China on Sunday started the construction of its first third-generation pressurized water reactors

using AP 1000 technologies developed by U.S.-based Westinghouse.

SANMEN, Zhejiang, April 19 (Xinhua) -- China on Sunday started the construction of its first third-generation pressurized water reactors

using AP 1000 technologies developed by U.S.-based Westinghouse.

AP 1000 technologies

Section Three Nuclear power and Environment

Section Three Nuclear power and Environment

Climate changeClimate change

In China, the reliance on fossil fuels has led to much airpollution. The economic loss due to pollution is put bythe World Bank at almost 6% of GDP.

Climate Change-------emissions of greenhouse gases

World Problem

Countries by carbon dioxide emissions (blue the highest)

Countries by carbon dioxide emissions (blue the highest)

CO2 emission per capita per year per country

CO2 emission per capita per year per country

increasing the efficiency of coal-fired power stations

National Action Plan on Climate ChangeNational Action Plan on Climate Change

increasing the proportion of electricity generation from renewable energy sources and from nuclear power

the use of cogeneration

the development of coal-bed and coal-mine methane

Very Important

25 g

CO2 equivalent per kWh

25 g

CO2 equivalent per kWh

nuclear powernuclear power

450-1250 g

CO2 equivalent per kWh

450-1250 g

CO2 equivalent per kWh

fossil fuelfossil fuel

Nuclear power as clean energy

China will do better and betterChina will do better and better

• China has promised to reduce CO2

emission by 40-45% in 2020 compared to 2005 (26th Nov.2009)

Angel or Devil?

Disaster of NPPDisaster of NPP

Chernobyl DisasterThree Mile Island Accident

Nuclear WasteNuclear Waste

• Since China's nuclear industry is relatively new, nuclear waste is not a major concern. But, as in the United States or any other country, nuclear waste accumulates over time.

Nuclear SafetyNuclear Safety

The State Environment Protection Agency (SEPA), independent of the nuclear industry, carries out supervision and management on nuclear safety and radiation environment of nuclear facilities ： licensing management and routine monitoring.

Relevant radioactive waste treatment facilitiesshould be designed, constructed and operated simultaneously with facilities or practices producing radioactive wastes.

phases of waste managementphases of waste management

reduction in output categorized collection purification and concentration, volume reduction

and solidification careful encapsulation, safe transportation in-situ interim storage concentrated disposal controlled discharge

Section Four The future of Nuclear power in China

Section Four The future of Nuclear power in China

China's nuclear industry is relatively youngChina's nuclear industry is relatively young

Nuclear reactors under construction and planned

Nuclear reactors under construction and planned

Nuclear reactors under construction and planned

Nuclear reactors under construction and planned

Further nuclear power units proposedFurther nuclear power units proposed

Further nuclear power units proposedFurther nuclear power units proposed

Further nuclear power units proposedFurther nuclear power units proposed

long and mid-term development plan long and mid-term development plan

• Nuclear power installed capacity will reach 40 million kw by 2020 and will generate 260 billion to 280 billion kilowatt hours of electricity each year, accounting for 4 to 6 percent of the country's total. and a further increase to more than 250 GW by 2030.

nuclear energy policynuclear energy policy

• 1. PWRs will be the mainstream but not sole reactor type.• 2.Nuclear fuel assemblies are fabricated and supplied indigenously.• 3.Domestic manufacturing of plant and equipment will be maximised, with self- reliance in design and project management.• 4.International cooperation is nevertheless encouraged.

China will enjoy a wide prospect in nuclear power market.

A beautiful FutureA beautiful Future

Shi Yang