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NEW INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Chapter 18
Section 1
The Centennial
• Celebrate US 100th birthday (1876) in Philadelphia
• Fair to show American inventions
The Centennial
• Millions came to see American advances
The Centennial
• Corliss engine was giant steam engine
• Symbolize American strength in industry
Why Did Industry Grow?
• Railroads– Allow massive exchange of resources and
goods throughout country
Why Did Industry Grow?• Inventions
– Patent – guarantees profits from invention for a period of time
– 1860 – 36,000 patents, 1900 – 650,000
Why Did Industry Grow?
• Natural Resources– Coal, iron, oil, forests,
fertile land
– provide material for industrial growth
Why Did Industry Grow?• Human talent and
labor– 1860-1900 population
doubled– massive immigration
Why Did Industry Grow?• Capital
– Money used for investment
• Wealthy people take their profits and loan it to others for business investments
• Wealthy people get interest on loan
• New businesses get money needed to start business
Steel: Backbone of Industry
• Steel is combination of Iron and other metals
• Bessemer Process
– Allowed production of steel at low cost
– Result in steel output increase by 10 times 1877-1892
Steel: Backbone of Industry
• Railroads use steel
• Coal needed to make steel
– spur on coal mining industry
Inventions in Electricity• Try to learn how
electricity work and how to make it
• Tesla invent generator powered by Niagara Falls
Inventions in Electricity
• Thomas Edison– New Jersey – – Invent light bulb,
Phonograph, motion picture
– Electric lights replaced gas lights
Bell and the Telephone
• Telephone was developed as a way to send sound
• Developed by Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Watson
• Replaces need for telegraph
Machines to make life easier
Washers
Ice Box
Toasters
Sewing Machines
Telephones
Changes in Everyday life
• Companies mass produce items that used to be made at home
• Advertising develop to sell the products
• Ready made clothing was available– Style and fashion develop as a result
• Department stores develop to sell goods– Mail catalogues also develop – Sears etc.
Henry Ford’s Assembly Line
• Assembly line developed by Henry Ford
– Brought all parts of production in one spot
Henry Ford’s Assembly Line
• Increased speed of production
• decreased uniqueness of product
Henry Ford’s Assembly Line
• Ford made cars cheap
• paid workers well to let them buy cars
Wright Brothers• Wilbur and Orville
Wright– First plane to fly in air
• Kitty Hawk, NC
– Lasted less than a minute
• Planes were not important until World War I
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