NEW INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Chapter 18

Section 1

The Centennial

• Celebrate US 100th birthday (1876) in Philadelphia

• Fair to show American inventions

The Centennial

• Millions came to see American advances

The Centennial

• Corliss engine was giant steam engine

• Symbolize American strength in industry

Why Did Industry Grow?

• Railroads– Allow massive exchange of resources and

goods throughout country

Why Did Industry Grow?• Inventions

– Patent – guarantees profits from invention for a period of time

– 1860 – 36,000 patents, 1900 – 650,000

Why Did Industry Grow?

• Natural Resources– Coal, iron, oil, forests,

fertile land

– provide material for industrial growth

Why Did Industry Grow?• Human talent and

labor– 1860-1900 population

doubled– massive immigration

Why Did Industry Grow?• Capital

– Money used for investment

• Wealthy people take their profits and loan it to others for business investments

• Wealthy people get interest on loan

• New businesses get money needed to start business

Steel: Backbone of Industry

• Steel is combination of Iron and other metals

• Bessemer Process

– Allowed production of steel at low cost

– Result in steel output increase by 10 times 1877-1892

Steel: Backbone of Industry

• Railroads use steel

• Coal needed to make steel

– spur on coal mining industry

Inventions in Electricity• Try to learn how

electricity work and how to make it

• Tesla invent generator powered by Niagara Falls

Inventions in Electricity

• Thomas Edison– New Jersey – – Invent light bulb,

Phonograph, motion picture

– Electric lights replaced gas lights

Bell and the Telephone

• Telephone was developed as a way to send sound

• Developed by Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Watson

• Replaces need for telegraph

Machines to make life easier

Washers

Ice Box

Toasters

Sewing Machines

Telephones

Changes in Everyday life

• Companies mass produce items that used to be made at home

• Advertising develop to sell the products

• Ready made clothing was available– Style and fashion develop as a result

• Department stores develop to sell goods– Mail catalogues also develop – Sears etc.

Henry Ford’s Assembly Line

• Assembly line developed by Henry Ford

– Brought all parts of production in one spot

Henry Ford’s Assembly Line

• Increased speed of production

• decreased uniqueness of product

Henry Ford’s Assembly Line

• Ford made cars cheap

• paid workers well to let them buy cars

Wright Brothers• Wilbur and Orville

Wright– First plane to fly in air

• Kitty Hawk, NC

– Lasted less than a minute

• Planes were not important until World War I