NEUROANATOMI 2011

NEUROANATOMI

DESWATY FURQONiTA

NEURONATOMI

Lingkup bahasan Sistem saraf pusat:

Cerebrum Batang otak (brain stem) Cerebellum Medulla spinalis Pelindung sistem saraf Ventrikel dan Liquor CerebroSpinal (LCS)

Sistem saraf tepi: Saraf kranial Saraf spinal Saraf otonom

Jaras ascendens dan descendens: Jaras spinothalamicus anterior dan lateral Jaras lmniscus medialis (dorsal white column tract) Jaras corticospinal (corticospinal/pyramidal tract)

NEUROANATOMI

Sumber gambar: Saladin. Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. 3rd Ed. 2003. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Sistem saraf pusat

• Sistem saraf pusat terdiri atas: – Cerebrum

– Batang otak (brain stem): • Mesencephalon

• Pons

• Medulla oblongata

– Cerebellum

– Medulla spinalis

– Pelindung sistem saraf

– Ventrikel dan Liquor CerebroSpinal (LCS)

Pelindung sistem saraf

Sumber gambar: Van De Graff. Human Anatomy. 6th Ed. 2001. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Sumber gambar: Van De Graff. Human Anatomy. 6th Ed. 2001. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Pelindung sistem saraf

Sinus duramatris

Sumber gambar: Van De Graff. Human Anatomy. 6th Ed. 2001. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Sumber gambar: Van De Graff. Human Anatomy. 6th Ed. 2001. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Pelindung sistem saraf

Ventrikel

Sumber gambar: Van De Graff. Human Anatomy. 6th Ed. 2001. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Aliran liquor cerebrospinal

Sumber gambar: Van De Graff. Human Anatomy. 6th Ed. 2001. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Sumber gambar: Van De Graff. Human Anatomy. 6th Ed. 2001. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Aliran liquor cerebrospinal

CEREBRUM

• Derivat dari telencephalon.

• Terdiri atas 2 hemisfer (kanan dan kiri)

• Permukaan terdapat: gyrus dan sulcus/fissura

• Terdiri atas: – Lobus frontal

– Lobus parietal

– Lobus temporal

– Lobus occipital

Lobus insula

CEREBRUM

Sumber gambar: Saladin. Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. 3rd Ed. 2003. McGraw-Hill Companies.

CEREBRUM

Sumber gambar: Saladin. Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. 3rd Ed. 2003. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Lobus Frontalis

• Terletak di depan sulcus centralis Rolandi dan di atas fissura lateralis Sylvii

• Terdiri atas 4 gyrus: – 1 gyrus vertikal: gyrus precentralis (area motorik primer/area

4)

– 3 gyrus horisontal: gyrus frontalis superior, media dan inferior

• Gyrus frontalis inferior terdiri dari: pars orbitalis, pars

opercularis dan pars triangularis

• Pars triangularis dan opercularis pada hemisfer dominan

area bicara motorik Broca/area 45 dan 44

Lobus Parietalis

• Terletak di belakang sulcus centralis, di atas fissura lateralis, dan dipisahkan dari lobus occipital oleh fissura parieto-occipitalis.

• Terdiri atas: 1. Gyrus postcentralis pusat somatosensorik primer/area

3,1 dan 2 2. Lobulus parietal superior 3. Lobulus parietal inferior, yang terdiri atas gyrus

supramarginalis dan angularis area bicara sensorik Wernicke/area 40 dan 39

CEREBRUM struktur yang nampak pada penampang lateral

Sumber gambar: Saladin. Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. 3rd Ed. 2003. McGraw-Hill Companies.

CEREBRUM struktur yang nampak pada penampang medial

Sumber gambar: Saladin. Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. 3rd Ed. 2003. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Sumber gambar: Van De Graff. Human Anatomy. 6th Ed. 2001. McGraw-Hill Companies.

CEREBRUM struktur yang nampak pada penampang medial

Lobus Temporalis

• Terletak di bawah fissura lateralis dan membatasi sisi lateral batang otak.

• Terdiri atas gyrus temporalis superior, medius dan inferior

• Gyrus temporalis superior disebut pula gyrus tranversal Heschl pusat pendengaran (auditory) primer/area 41

• Gyrus temporalis medius dan inferior dikenal sebagai cortex para auditory (area 42 dan 22)

Area fungsional Cortex Cerebri (hemisfer sinistra)

Sumber gambar: Van De Graff. Human Anatomy. 6th Ed. 2001. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Lobus Temporalis

• Bagian rostral gyrus parahippocampus, uncus

dan stria olfactori lateral lobus pyriformis

(pusat penciuman primer/area 34 dan 28)

Gambar. Area fungsional pada cortex cerebrum

Lobus Occipitalis

• Pada sisi medial lobus occipitalis dipisahkan oleh sulcus calcarinus menjadi cuneus dan gyrus lingualis

• Daerah cortex pada atas (upper lip) dan bawah (lower lip) sulcus calcarinus merupakan area penglihatan primer (area 17)

• Area asosiasi penglihatan adalah area 18 dan 19

Gambar. Area fungsional cortex cerebrum (tampak medial)

Lobus insula Reili

• Lobus insula tertutup oleh sebagian lobus frontalis, lobus parietalis dan lobus temporalis

pusat sensorik dan motorik organ viseral

Cerebrum

Lobus limbic (lobus sintetik)

Lobus limbic terdiri atas:

gyrus subcallosal, gyrus cinguli,

gyrus parahippocampalis, formatio

hippocampus dan gyrus dentatus sistem limbik

Area fungsional Cortex Cerebri

Sumber gambar: Van De Graff. Human Anatomy. 6th Ed. 2001. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Area fungsional Cortex Cerebri (homunculus)

Sumber gambar: Van De Graff. Human Anatomy. 6th Ed. 2001. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Pusat bicara

Sumber gambar: Saladin. Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. 3rd Ed. 2003. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Pusat bicara

Sumber gambar: Van De Graff. Human Anatomy. 6th Ed. 2001. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Lateralisasi fungsi cerebrum

Sumber gambar: Saladin. Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. 3rd Ed. 2003. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Ganglia basal (basal nuclei)

Sumber gambar: Van De Graff. Human Anatomy. 6th Ed. 2001. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Ganglia basal (basal nuclei)

Sumber gambar: Van De Graff. Human Anatomy. 6th Ed. 2001. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Sistem Limbik

Sumber gambar: Saladin. Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. 3rd Ed. 2003. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Substansia alba cerebri

Sumber gambar: Saladin. Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. 3rd Ed. 2003. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Tugas Mandiri

1. Bacalah dan jelaskan tentang thalamus dan fungsinya!

2. Bacalah dan jelaskan tentang vaskularisasi sistem saraf!

3. Bacalah dan jelaskan tentang saraf cranial!

4. Bacalah dan jelaskan tentang saraf spinal!

5. Bacalah dan jelaskan tentang saraf otonom!

Dikumpulkan melalui kelas neuroanatomi

(e-learning). Wajib mengerjakan!

Batang Otak (penampang anterior)

Sumber gambar: Saladin. Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. 3rd Ed. 2003. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Batang otak (penampang posterior)

Sumber gambar: Van De Graff. Human Anatomy. 6th Ed. 2001. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Batang otak (penampang latero-posterior)

Sumber gambar: Saladin. Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. 3rd Ed. 2003. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Mesencephalon (penampang horisontal)

Sumber gambar: Saladin. Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. 3rd Ed. 2003. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Pusat respirasi di batang otak

Sumber gambar: Van De Graff. Human Anatomy. 6th Ed. 2001. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Formatio Reticularis

Sumber gambar: Saladin. Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. 3rd Ed. 2003. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Cerebellum

Sumber gambar: Van De Graff. Human Anatomy. 6th Ed. 2001. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Medulla spinalis

Sumber gambar: Van De Graff. Human Anatomy. 6th Ed. 2001. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Medulla spinalis

Sumber gambar: Van De Graff. Human Anatomy. 6th Ed. 2001. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Punksi lumbar (lumbar puncture)

Sumber gambar: Van De Graff. Human Anatomy. 6th Ed. 2001. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Medulla spinalis

Sumber gambar: Van De Graff. Human Anatomy. 6th Ed. 2001. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Jaras-jaras pada penampang horisontal medulla spinalis

Sumber gambar: Van De Graff. Human Anatomy. 6th Ed. 2001. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Sumber gambar: Van De Graff. Human Anatomy. 6th Ed. 2001. McGraw-Hill Companies.

Jaras ascendens dan jaras descendens

Sumber gambar: Van De Graff. Human Anatomy. 6th Ed. 2001. McGraw-Hill Companies.