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Nervous system/Sensory Organs
Same size as fish No care process for
young Small cerebrum
Sight-well developed Good size optic lobe Eyes=large @ top Detect prey Eyelids Nictitating membrane
“goggles” while swimming
Keep eyes moist
1) Olfactory lobe (scent)-connects to nostrils (draws in odors from water) by nerves
2) Cerebrum- reasoning- maternal care- controls higher brain functions
3) Optic lobe- sight (lens, optic nerve)- hearing
4) Cerebellum- coordinates balance/movement
5) Medulla- controls internal organs
6) Spinal cord- nerves transmitted
Nervous System/Sensory Organs
Sound- tympanic membrane Pick up vibrations Connects to
Eustachian Tube NOT EARS!!!!
Smell-Nares Internal & External High Set
Sight:Eyes: Covered with nictitating membrane
-clear covering-lower eyelid-like googles
Sound:
Frogs bring in air through nostrils. Mouth fills with air, as the air is forced back and forth between mouth and lungs it passes through the vocal sac. Vocal sac produces sound.
In many species only the males make crocking sound.
Skeletal System Land/terrestrial animals
rely on an endoskeleton for support. Inner skeletal system Few modifications for
being successful jumping: Few vertebrae Bones in forearm are fused
Radio-ulna Bones in hindlimb are larger
than others and fused Tibiofibula
To support force of
jump
Digestive System Larvae-herbivores Adult-carnivores Digestion starts in the
mouth 2 kinds of teeth
Used for gripping/holding prey and forcing it down gullet
DO NOT CHEW!!!!!
Food proceeds to the:
Pharynx (back of throat)
Gullet (opening to esophagus)
Esophagus -very elastic, allows them to swallow large prey.
Stomach -Where protein digestion occurs using gastric
juices
Small intestine No pyloric caeca Proteins, lipids, &
carbs. Digestion
Get enzymes from: pancreas
livergall bladder
Held in place with mesentery (cloudy membrane)
Food molecules absorbed into blood
Large intestine NO DIGESTION Removes excess H2O Storage of undigested
food until sent to cloaca to be removed
heart
liver
Large intestines
Small intestines
Cloaca Similar to the urogenital opening BUT… Digestive AND urogenital systems meet
here Stores urine, sex cells, & feces until
released
Vent Similar to anus BUT everything exists here-
urine, sex cells, feces.
The VENT ……… (the end for those lacking a sense of humor!!)
Circulatory System
Larvae (fish-like) 1 loop system 2 chambered heart
Adult:2 loop system3 chambered heart
2 Loop Circulatory System
Pulmonary Circulation blood travels from
heart to lungs and back to heart
Systemic Circulation blood travels from
heart to body and back to heart
Advantage of 2 loop system:
-faster blood flow to body-heart pumps blood to lungs then the
heart pumps the blood to the rest of the body.
3 Chambered Heart:
Left atriumRight atrium
Ventricle
Deoxygenated bloodto the lungs
Oxygenated blood from lungs
Oxygenated bloodto the body
Deoxygenated bloodfrom the body
3 chambered heart is inefficient because the “clean” and “dirty” blood mix in the ventricle.
Pathway of blood:
1. O2 blood from lungs enters left atrium.cLean blood = left side
2. CO2 blood from body enters right atriumdiRty blood = right
side3. Heart pumps sending O2 blood and CO2 blood into the ventricle. Both blood types mix.4. Heart pumps forcing “clean” blood to body and “dirty” blood to the lungs.
Respiratory system:
Larvae:-respire or exchange O2 and CO2
through gills and skin
Adults:-respire through lungs and skin
2 types:
Respire through moist skin-cutaneous respiration
Respire with lungs –pulmonary respiration
Lungs
Nostrils
Glottis (opening to trachea)
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Air sacs of lungs
Excretory System -Primary organ of
excretion is the two kidneys.
-Filters nitrogenous/cellular waste out of the blood.
-Waste and excess water collected travel through ureter to the bladder as urine.
-Passes into cloaca. -Exits out the vent.
Kidney
Uterer
Cloaca
Excretory System
Bladder
Reproductive System
Reproductive System
Male Frog: Sperm made in
testes Travels through
sperm ducts to cloaca
Exits out vent
Enlarged thumbs
Reproductive System
Female Frog: Eggs made in
ovaries Travel along oviduct
where jelly-coating is applied
Eggs empty out into cloaca & exit out vent when amplexus occurs
Fat BodiesFemale Eggs & Oviducts
Fall: Large amounts…..getting ready for hibernationSpring: Small amounts…..used during hibernation as energy supply.
See “Love is In the Air”
Fun Bio-Nerdy Amphibian Facts
Group of frogs= Army Group of toads= Knot
Fears…
Batrachophobia- Fear of amphibians Ranidaphobia- Fear of frogs.Bufonophobia- Fear of toads.
Smallest frog= ~1cm
Largest Frog= 30cm
Close Eyes to Swallow
Toads CANNOT give you warts!!!
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
Gastric-Brooding Frog
Glass Frog-See Heart Beating
The End-Hop to It!!!
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