View
215
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
8D Ecological relationships
© Tony P. Thould
September 2000
CLASSIFICATION
Every living thing may be placed into one of two groups :-
CLASSIFICATION
© T.P.THOULD
VERTEBRATES
Animals that have vertebrae - a backbone, a spine
INVERTEBRATES
Have no backbone - no vertebrae, no spine
FLOWERING
Have flowers which may be brightly coloured or dull. The flowers make the seeds.
NON-FLOWERING
Do not make flowers but have cones, spores or some other way to reproduce
ANIMALS
Vertebrates Invertebrates
Cat
elephant
Worm
slug
List some examples of each type of animal
PLANTS
Flowering Non-flowering
List some examples of each type of plant
BY NOW YOU SHOULD KNOW…..
•That all living things can be split up into two groups
• That all animals can be split up into two groups
•That all plants can be split up into two groups
CLASSIFICATION SUMMARY
Vertebrates Invertebrates
AN IM ALS
Flow ering Non-Flow ering
PLAN TS
LIVING THING S
VERTEBRATE GROUPS
B irds Ma m m a ls
W a rm B looded
Fish R eptiles Am phib ia ns
C old B looded
VER T EB R AT ES
INVERTEBRATE GROUPS
W orm s Insects Arachnids Molluscs Crustaceans
INVERTEBRATES
FLOWERING GROUPS
M onocotyledons Dicotyledons
FLOWERING
NON-FLOWERING GROUPS
Fungi M osses Conifers Ferns
NON-FLOWERING
GROUP CHARACTERISTICS
Mammals•Vertebrates
•Warm blooded
•Have hair or fur
•Young are born live not in an egg
•Mothers feed young on milk from special glands
BIRDS
•Vertebrates
•Warm Blooded
•Have feathers
•Lay hard-shelled eggs
FISH
•Vertebrates
•Cold Blooded
•Scales cover their body
•Live in water
•Have Gills to breathe
•Have fins
REPTILES
•Vertebrates
•Cold Blooded
•Dry Scales cover the body
•Lay eggs with tough leathery shell
AMPHIBIANS
•Vertebrates
•Cold Blooded
•Have lungs
•Smooth moist skin
•Lay eggs in water
•Live on land and in water
What other groups are there?
A DICHOTOMOUS KEY
Used to identify Plants or Animals by answering a series of questions about what they look like, each of which have a choice
of two answers -
DICHOTOMOUS = Two choices
ALWAYS START AT QUESTION ONE EVERYTIME
Imagine that you do not know the names of the above animals. Use the Dichotomous Key to identify them:-
Q1 Is it mainly black?……………If yes go to Q2
…………….If no go to Q3
Q2 Does it have six legs?…………If yes = Black Ant
………….If no = Collie Dog
Q3 Does it have wings?…………..If yes = Butterfly
…………...If no = Grayling
A B C D
A
B C
D EF
Q1 Is it mainly green?……………….If yes go to Q2
…………...….If no go to Q3
Q2 Does it have six legs?………...….If yes = Grasshopper
……...….If no Frog
Q3 Does it have wings?……………..If yes = Go to Q4
…………...If no = Go to 5
Q4 Is it black?……………………....If yes = Swift
…………………If no = Ladybird
Q5 Does it have legs & pincer……..If yes = Crab
………..If no = Snake
Try writing your own Dichotomous Key
Q1
A B C D
This together with the increase in Bacteria which decompose the dead plants, reduces the Oxygen levels dramatically. Many aquatic animals die due to lack of Oxygen
Nitrate Pollution
Nitrates Nitrates leached
into pond
Bacteria
THE KNOCK ON EFFECT
What happens to the numbers in a food chain if one of the links in the chain is reduced in numbers?
Foe example - The rabbits get the disease Myxomatosis making their numbers fall by half.
Insecticide from the farmers spray kills most of the ladybirds and butterflies.
In both cases the food supply of other animals and the food eaten by the Rabbits, ladybirds and Butterflies are affected
What happens to the NUMBERS of each of these? EAGLE SWIFT SPIDER
MOUSE WHEAT PRIMROSE
BUTTERFLY LADYBIRD RABBIT
Time in Years
Number of
AnimalsRabbits
Eagles
PREDATOR / PREY RELATIONSHIP
What does this graph tell you about the relationship between Predators and Prey
numbers?
Time in Years
Number of
AnimalsRabbits
Eagles
PREDATOR / PREY RELATIONSHIP
How do you explain the change in numbers of the Predators and Prey?
PREDATOR / PREY RELATIONSHIP
As the numbers of prey rise this is then followed a little while later by a rise in the numbers of predators.
As the numbers of prey falls this is then followed by a reduction in the numbers of predators.
As the prey is the food supply for the predators their numbers obviously affect the numbers of the predators.
With more food the predators are healthier and can support larger families.
Recommended