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Musculoskeletal System - Musculoskeletal System - BonesBones
HomeostasisBone FunctionBone StructureBone Growth
HomeostasisHomeostasis
“steady state” Need to maintain
balance between intracellular and extracellular fluid.
3 points: Each cell metabolizes All cells contribute to
the body Combined
contributions = stable ECF
HomeostasisHomeostasis
3 players Sensory receptor: sense
change in environment; ex) neurons
Integrator: processes info; ex) brain
Effectors: carry out response; ex) muscles and glands
2 types of feedback: Negative and Positive
HomeostasisHomeostasis
Negative Feedback Reverses the altered condition Ex) maintaining body temperature
Positive Feedback Intensify the
change from the original condition
Ex) oxytocin in giving birth
Bone FunctionBone Function
5 major functions Movement Support Protection Mineral Storage Blood cell
formation
Bone StructureBone Structure
Made of both living and non-living cells
Living= osteocytes
Non-living = mineralized matrix of collagen, protein, carbs, and lacunae
Bone StructureBone Structure
2 kinds of bone tissue:1. Compact bone:
Outside of bones Dense & solid Made of collagen =
tensile strength Made of osteons which
surround canals that carry blood vessels and nerves
2. Spongy Bone: Inside Flattened struts Can contain red marrow
which makes blood cells Can contain yellow
marrow
Bone StructureBone Structure
Red bone marrow = makes red blood cells, platelets, and most white blood cells
Yellow bone marrow = consists mainly of fat cells. Can be converted back to red marrow.
Bone GrowthBone Growth
Start with cartilage template
Growth continues at epiphyses; triggered by GH
Remodeling= the process of growing or breaking down bone tissue
Osteoblasts = deposit bone Calcitonin triggers uptake
and production Osteoclasts = breakdown
PTH triggers enzyme production that breaks down bone
Bone GrowthBone Growth
The skeletal system helps maintain Calcium level homeostasis.
http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp42/4202003.html
SkeletonSkeleton
206 bones Divided into:
Axial Skeleton Head to toe vertical
axis Appendicular Skeleton
Hanging appendages Ligaments
Connect bone to bone Tendons
Connect muscle to bone
Appendicular SkeletonAppendicular Skeleton
The appendages of the body.
Pectoral Girdle: Ex) shoulder
blade, arm bones, and fingers
Pelvic Girdle Ex) pelvis, leg
bones, and toes
Joints
Areas of contact/near contact between bones.
3 types: Synovial
Have a cavity filled with synovial fluid.
Most flexible joints Ex) knee
Cartilaginous Somewhat flexible Ex) disk b/w vertebrae
Fibrous No cavity b/w bones Not flexible Ex) skull bones Fibrous: A & B.
Cartilaginous C & D Synovial E - J
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