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Muscle Action Review…for Origin, Insertion & Action Test
Flex the knee (tibiofemoral joint)
Medially rotate the flexed knee (t/f joint)
Extend the hip (coxal joint)
Medially rotate the hip (coxal joint)
Tilt the pelvis posteriorly
Semitendinosus, TG pg. 306 (3rd) & 312 (4th)
Depress the scapula (scapulothoracic joint)
Abduct the scapula (s/t joint)
Tilt the scapula anteriorly (s/t joint)
If scapula is fixed:
Assists with forced inhalation
Pectoralis Minor, TG pg. 100 (3rd) & 92 (4th)
Flex the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)
Adduct the shoulder (g/h joint)
Coracobrachialis, TG pg. 107 (3rd & 99 (4th)
Upper fibers:
Bilaterally – Extends the head and neck
Unilaterally – Laterally flex the head and neck to same side
Rotate the head and neck to opposite side
Elevate the scapula (scapulothoracic joint)
Upwardly rotate the scapula (s/t joint)
Middle fibers:
Adduct the scapula (s/t joint)
Stabilize the scapula (s/t joint)
Lower fibers:
Depress the scapula (s/t joint)
Upwardly rotate the scapula (s/t joint)
Trapezius, TG pg. 76 (3rd) & 68 (4th)
Flex the elbow (humeroulnar joint)
Supinates the forearm (radioulnar joint)
Flex the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)
Biceps Brachii, TG pg. 103 (3rd) & 95 (4th)
Gluteus Maximus, TG pg. 309 (3rd) & 315 (4th)
All fibers:
Extend the hip (coxal joint)
Laterally rotate the hip (coxal joint)
Abduct the hip (coxal joint)
Lower fibers:
Adduct the hip (coxal joint)
Extends the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)
Adducts the shoulder (g/h joint)
Medially rotates the shoulder (g/h joint)
Teres Major, TG pg. 79 (3rd) & 71 (4th)
Flex the knee (tibiofemoral joint)
Laterally rotate the flexed knee (t/f joint)
Extend the hip (coxal joint)
Tilt the pelvis posteriorly
Biceps Femoris, TG pg. 306 (3rd) & 312 (4th)
Unilaterally:
Elevate the scapula (scapulothoracic joint)
Downwardly rotates the scapula (s/t joint)
Laterally flexes the neck
Rotates the head and neck to the same side
Bilaterally:
Extends the head and neck
Levator Scapula, TG pg. 91-92 (3rd) & 83 (4th)
Unilaterally:
Laterally flexes the head and neck to the same side
Rotates the head and neck to the opposite side
Bilaterally:
Flexes the neck
Assists in inhalation (elevation of the rib cage)
Sternocleidomastoid, TG pg. 250 (3rd) & 244 (4th)
Unilaterally:
With the ribs fixed, laterally flexes the head and neck to the same side (All)
Rotates the head and neck to the opposite side (All)
Bilaterally:
Elevates the ribs during inhalation (All)
Flex the head and neck (Anterior)
Scalenes, TG pg. 253 (3rd) & 247 (4th)
With the origin fixed:
Abducts the scapula (scapulothoracic joint)
Depress the scapula (s/t joint)
Holds the medial border of the scapula against the rib cage
If the scapula is fixed:
May act in forced inhalation
Serratus Anterior, TG pg. 94 (3rd) & 86 (4th)
Flexes the vertebral column
Rectus Abdominis, TG pg. 216 (3rd) & 210 (4th)
All fibers:
Abduct the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)
Anterior fibers:
Flex the shoulder (g/h joint)
Medially rotate the shoulder (g/h joint)
Horizontally adduct the shoulder (g/h joint)
Posterior fibers:
Extend the shoulder (g/h joint)
Laterally rotate the shoulder joint (g/h joint)
Horizontally abduct the shoulder (g/h joint)
Deltoid, TG pg. 75 (3rd) & 67 (4th)
Latissimus Dorsi, TG pg. 79 (3rd) & 71 (4th)
Extends the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)
Adducts the shoulder (g/h joint)
Medially rotates the shoulder (g/h joint)
Gracilis, TG pg. 314-315 (3rd) & 321 (4th)
Adducts the hip (coxal joint)
Medially rotates the hip (coxal joint)
Flexes the knee (tibiofemoral joint)
Medially rotates the flexed knee (t/f joint)
Tensor Fasciae Latae, TG pg. 318 (3rd) & 324 (4th)
Flexes the hip (coxal joint)
Medially rotates the hip (coxal joint)
Abducts the hip (coxal joint)
Piriformis, TG pg. 322 (3rd) & 328 (4th)
Laterally rotate the hip (coxal joint)
Abduct the hip when the hip is flexed
Peroneus Longus, TG pg. 369 (3rd) & 376 (4th)
Everts the foot
Assists to plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint)
Vastus Lateralis, TG pg. 300 (3rd) & 306 (4th)
Extends the knee (tibiofemoral joint)
Sartorius, TG pg. 320 (3rd) & 326 (4th)
Flex the hip (coxal joint)
Laterally rotates the hip (coxal joint)
Abducts the hip (coxal joint)
Flexes the knee (tibiofemoral joint)
Medially rotates the flexed knee (t/f joint)
Tibialis Anterior, TG pg. 372 (3rd) & 379 (4th)
Inverts the foot
Dorsiflexes the ankle (talocrural joint)
Pectoralis Major, TG pg. 97 (3rd) & 89 (4th)
All fibers:
Adduct the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)
Medially rotate the shoulder (g/h joint)
Assist in elevating the thorax in forced inhalation
(if arm is fixed)
Upper fibers:
Flex the shoulder (g/h joint)
Horizontally adduct the shoulder (g/h joint)
Lower fibers:
Extend the shoulder (g/h joint)
Extensor Hallucis Longus, TG pg. 372 (3rd) & 379 (4th)
Extends the first toe (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints)
Dorsiflex the ankle (talocrural joint)
Inverts the foot
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, TG pg. 150 (3rd) & 142 (4th)
Flex the wrist (radiocarpal joint)
Adduct the wrist (radiocarpal joint)
Assist to flex the elbow (humeroulnar joint)
External Oblique, TG pg. 216 (3rd) & 210 (4th)
Unilaterally:
Laterally flex vertebral column to the same side
Rotates vertebral column to the opposite side
Bilaterally:
Flexes the vertebral column
Compresses the abdominal contents
Triceps Brachii, TG pg. 105 (3rd) & 97 (4th)
All fibers:
Extend the elbow (humeroulnar joint)
Long head:
Extend the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)
Adduct the shoulder (g/h joint)
Gastrocnemius, TG pg. 364 (3rd) & 371 (4th)
Flex the knee (tibiofemoral joint)
Plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint)
Abductor Hallucis, TG pg. 378 (3rd) & 388 (4th)
Abducts the first toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)
Assists to flex the first toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)
Extensor Digitorum Longus, TG pg. 372 (3rd) & 379 (4th)
Extend the second through the fifth toes (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints)
Dorsiflex the ankle (talocrural joint)
Evert the foot
Brachioradialis, TG pg. 141 (3rd) & 133 (4th)
Flex the elbow (humeroulnar joint)
Assist to pronate and supinate the forearm when these movements are resisted
Supraspinatus, TG pg. 83 (3rd) & 74 (4th)
Abduct the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)
Stabilize the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity
Adductor Hallucis, TG pg. 380 (3rd) & 390 (4th)
Adducts the first toe
Assists to maintain the transverse arch of the foot
Biceps Femoris, Tg pg. 306 (3rd) & 312 (4th)
Flex the knee (tibiofemoral joint)
Laterally rotate the flexed knee (t/f joint)
Extend the hip (coxal joint)
Laterally rotate the hip (coxal joint)
Tilt the pelvis posteriorly
Semimembranosus, TG pg. 306 (3rd) & 312 (4th)
Flex the knee (tibiofemoral joint)
Medially rotate the flexed knee (t/f joint)
Extend the hip (coxal joint)
Medially rotate the hip (coxal joint)
Tilt the pelvis posteriorly
Iliopsoas, TG pg. 326 (3rd) & 332 (4th)
Flex the hip (coxal joint)
Laterally rotates the hip (coxal joint)
Adducts the hip (coxal joint)
Rectus Femoris, TG pg. 300 (3rd) & 306 (4th)
Extends the knee (tibiofemoral joint)
Flexes the hip (coxal joint)
Infraspinatus, TG pg. 83 (3rd) & 74 (4th)
Laterally rotates the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)
Adducts the shoulder (g/h joint)
Extends the shoulder (g/h joint)
Horizontally abducts the shoulder (g/h joint)
Stabilizes the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity
Adductor Magnus, TG pg. 314 (3rd) & 320 (4th)
Adduct the hip (coxal joint)
Medially rotates the hip (coxal joint)
Assists in flexion of hip (coxal joint)
Extends the hip (coxal joint)
Brachialis, TG pg. 140 (3rd) & 132 (4th)
Flexes the elbow (humeroulnar joint)
Rhomboid Major, TG pg. 90 (3rd) & 82 (4th)
Adduct the scapula (scapulothoracic joint)
Elevate the scapula (s/t joint)
Downwardly rotate the scapula (s/t joint)
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