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M R S . G E I S L E RB I O C H E M
MACROMOLECULES
What do you know?True or FalseThumbs up for TRUEThumbs down for FALSE
Monomers are complex large molecules.FALSE
What do you know?True or FalseThumbs up for TRUEThumbs down for FALSE
DNA is a macromolecule.TRUE
What do you know?True or FalseThumbs up for TRUEThumbs down for FALSE
Sugar is a carbohydrate.TRUE
What do you know?True or FalseThumbs up for TRUEThumbs down for FALSE
Protein stores energy.FALSE
What do you know?True or FalseThumbs up for TRUEThumbs down for FALSE
Lipids store more energy than carbohydrates.TRUE
STUDENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Students will explain how carbon is uniquely suited to form biological macromolecules (ref. BIO.A.2.2.1).• Students will compare the structure and function
of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in organisms (ref. BIO.A.2.2.3).• Students will describe how biological
macromolecules form from monomers (ref. BIO.A.2.2.2).
MACROMOLECULES
• Very large molecules (polymers), made up of smaller organic molecules called monomers.• (*MONOPOLY – one person owning all properties!)
• Made up of:nitrogen (only in proteins), oxygen,hydrogen, and carbon.
BREAK IT DOWN!
Macro - largeMono – onePoly - many
WHAT ARE THE 4 MACROMOLECULES?
1. Carbohydrates2. Proteins3. Lipids4. Nucleic Acids
CARBON
• So unique!• Can bond to itself and other elements to make
many different types of compounds.
Makes large, complex, & diverse
macromolecules.
CARBOHYDRATES
• Act as quick energy source within bodies of living organisms.• Monosaccharides as their monomers.• Examples of monosaccharides: glucose, fructose,
galactose
BREAK IT DOWN!Mono – one
Sacchar - sugar
PROTEINS
• In animals, used in muscle-building and growth.• In plants, act as an essential part of their structure.• Enzymes are proteins.• Amino acids are the monomers of proteins.
• Only macromolecule that contains Nitrogen.
LIPIDS
• Lipids are used as stored energy.• Fats and oils• Lipids’ base units aren’t
considered monomers.• Building blocks of lipids are:
Glycerol + 3 fatty acids = triglyceride (lipid)
NUCLEIC ACIDS
• DNA and RNAMade up of: 1. sugar2. phosphate3. nitrogenous base. (Adenine, Cytosine,
Guanine, Thymine)• The order of the nitrogenous bases determines
the information.• Proteins are made from the sequences of the
bases.
HOW ARE POLYMERS FORMED?
Dehydration synthesis reaction:
monomer + monomer polymer + water
REVIEW (FROM THE BIO KEYSTONE PRACTICE TEST)
COLLABORATIVE ACTIVITY
Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins
- Place each characteristic card under the correct macromolecule.- Compare with other groups when finished.
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