M R S . G E I S L E RB I O C H E M

MACROMOLECULES

What do you know?True or FalseThumbs up for TRUEThumbs down for FALSE

Monomers are complex large molecules.FALSE

What do you know?True or FalseThumbs up for TRUEThumbs down for FALSE

DNA is a macromolecule.TRUE

What do you know?True or FalseThumbs up for TRUEThumbs down for FALSE

Sugar is a carbohydrate.TRUE

What do you know?True or FalseThumbs up for TRUEThumbs down for FALSE

Protein stores energy.FALSE

What do you know?True or FalseThumbs up for TRUEThumbs down for FALSE

Lipids store more energy than carbohydrates.TRUE

STUDENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Students will explain how carbon is uniquely suited to form biological macromolecules (ref. BIO.A.2.2.1).• Students will compare the structure and function

of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in organisms (ref. BIO.A.2.2.3).• Students will describe how biological

macromolecules form from monomers (ref. BIO.A.2.2.2).

MACROMOLECULES

• Very large molecules (polymers), made up of smaller organic molecules called monomers.• (*MONOPOLY – one person owning all properties!)

• Made up of:nitrogen (only in proteins), oxygen,hydrogen, and carbon.

BREAK IT DOWN!

Macro - largeMono – onePoly - many

WHAT ARE THE 4 MACROMOLECULES?

1. Carbohydrates2. Proteins3. Lipids4. Nucleic Acids

CARBON

• So unique!• Can bond to itself and other elements to make

many different types of compounds.

Makes large, complex, & diverse

macromolecules.

CARBOHYDRATES

• Act as quick energy source within bodies of living organisms.• Monosaccharides as their monomers.• Examples of monosaccharides: glucose, fructose,

galactose

BREAK IT DOWN!Mono – one

Sacchar - sugar

PROTEINS

• In animals, used in muscle-building and growth.• In plants, act as an essential part of their structure.• Enzymes are proteins.• Amino acids are the monomers of proteins.

• Only macromolecule that contains Nitrogen.

LIPIDS

• Lipids are used as stored energy.• Fats and oils• Lipids’ base units aren’t

considered monomers.• Building blocks of lipids are:

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids = triglyceride (lipid)

NUCLEIC ACIDS

• DNA and RNAMade up of: 1. sugar2. phosphate3. nitrogenous base. (Adenine, Cytosine,

Guanine, Thymine)• The order of the nitrogenous bases determines

the information.• Proteins are made from the sequences of the

bases.

HOW ARE POLYMERS FORMED?

Dehydration synthesis reaction:

monomer + monomer polymer + water

REVIEW (FROM THE BIO KEYSTONE PRACTICE TEST)

COLLABORATIVE ACTIVITY

Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins

- Place each characteristic card under the correct macromolecule.- Compare with other groups when finished.