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7/31/2019 Modes of Transporation of Crude Oil & Gas- TARIQ SINDHI
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TARIQ AZIZ SINDHI16th August 2012
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Cross Country Movement of Oil
Modes of Product Transportation
Road, Railway, Coastal Pipelines : An Introduction
Advantages of Pipeline Transportation
Beginning of Pipeline in Oil Transportation
Development of pipelines in India
Pipeline Network in India
References
Outlines:
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OIL
(Vital source of energy, essential for
domestic, industry, agriculture andtransport sectors)
Cross Country
Movement of Oil
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Crude Oil Finished Product
From Wells toGathering Stations
From Refineries to
Consumption Centres
From GatheringStations to Refineries
From ports toConsumption Centres
Cont.
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Road
Railway
Coastal
Pipeline
Modes of Product
Transportation
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Most of the major consumption centers in India are
land-locked.
This makes only Road, Rail and Pipeline as thefeasible means of transportation of petroleum.
Tankers are used for movement between coastallocations.
Modes of Product
Transportation
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Plays a crucial role in countrys transport sector forgoods and passengers.
For movement of petroleum products over longdistances, road transportation is not very cost effectiveand efficient.
Feasible only for short distances and secondarymovement of petroleum products.
Though movement by road results in excessiveconsumption of diesel and is a potential safety andenvironmental hazard, it still enjoys a large share in themodal mix due to unavoidable short distance movementfrom bulk depots to retails outlets.
Road
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Traditionally, Railways have been the largest
transporter of POL; developed since earlier days andcover substantial parts of the country.
Besides petroleum products, railways also transportgoods and passengers. Capacity of railways has already been over-stretched.
With continuing growth on all spheres, railwaystransportation capacity would fall short of thetransportation requirements.
Due to cross-subsidisation, the freight for petroleumproducts is high.
Rail transportation also leads to high energyconsumption, environmental pollution and transitlosses.
Railway
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Since the major consumption centers of the country
are located in the hinterland, the movement ofpetroleum products through tankers is somewhatlimited.
Tankers are used for movement between coastal
locations.This mode also suffers from capacity constraints in
terms of draft availability, navigational facilities,jetties etc.
Coastal
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Pipelines
and The Most Important
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The term pipeline in broader sense means a
facility used to transport commodities from pointof receipt to the point of delivery.
Many commodities are transported throughpipelines.
Crude oil, petroleum products and gas are perhapsthe most common commodities transported bypipelines.
Pipelines
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AdvantagesofPipeline
Transportation
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Lower cost of transportation Lower transit losses Lower energy intensiveness Economies of scale
Safety and Reliability -minimumdisruptions Environment friendliness
Advantages
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Multi-product handling Stationary carrier Augmentation at low costMinimal land costsDecongestion of surface transport
systems
Pipelines are the best suited mode fortransportation of large volumes of petroleum overlong leads.
Cont.
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The first cross country oil pipeline was laid in
Pensylvaniain 1879 from Bradford to Allen town, about109 miles long and 6in diameter.
The long distance pipeline transportation got a boostduring World War II when coastal tanker traffic wasdisrupted.
Discoveries of giant oil fields in remote parts of theworld led to planning and execution of correspondinglylarge pipeline networks.
Pipeline industry has grown in parallel with thedevelopment of world oil industry over the last onecentury.
Beginning of Pipelines in Oil
Transportation
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Most of the earlier Refineries in India wereinstalled at coastal locations, thus depending on
coastal movement of crude oil.
Further, the refining capacities being low, theproducts were either consumed locally ortransported to the consumption centers by rail or
road.After 1960, most of the Refineries were installed in
land-locked locations necessitating laying of crude& product pipelines.
Development of
Pipelines in India
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During 1960-63, Oil India Limited laid thefirst trunk crude oil pipeline, 1156 km longfrom Naharkatiyaand Moran oil fields to theRefineries at Guwahatiand Barauni.
The first cross country product pipeline waslaid by IOCL during 1962-64 to transport
products from Guwahati Refinery to Siliguri. Subsequently, a number of product and
crude oil pipelines were laid in the 60s, 70sand 80s, including sub-sea crude oilpipelines.
Cont.
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Development of
Pipelines in India
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The pipelines laid during the 60s were designed,
engineered and constructed by foreign companies.However, the exposure to this technology enabledIndian engineers to gain confidence, and thepipelines which came up later, were designed and
constructed with indigenous expertise.The country today has about 20,000 km of major
crude oil and product pipelines.
Cont.
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www.google.com
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Pipeline Divisionwww.wikipedia.com
www.spe.org
References:
http://www.google.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.spe.org/http://www.spe.org/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.google.com/7/31/2019 Modes of Transporation of Crude Oil & Gas- TARIQ SINDHI
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Thanks a lot..!!!
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