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Mobileapplicationsforempoweringyouth:counteringthedarksideofICTsINITworkshop,12-13January2016
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Outline• ThedarksideofICTs• TheITU’sm-PoweringDevelopmentinitiative
• MobilesforempoweringyouthinPakistan– Education– Ruraldevelopment– ICTsforwomen– Politicalaction
• TheDarksideofmobiles
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TheDarkSide
http://cyberwarzone.com/guide-how-find-darknet-or-deepweb/
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TheDarkSide
• Surprisinghowlittlethisisdiscussedinmainstreaminternationalevents
• Uncertaintyoversize– Kadianakis andLoesing (2015)30,000unique
hiddenservices onTormakeupc.3.4%oftotal• Inpart,aresponsetoprivacyissues• Butalsoaplacetoconduct“different”kindsof
activity– “Illegal”commerce
• Butproblemsofdefining legality– Politicallydisruptive
• Oneperson’s“terrorist”isanotherperson’s“freedomfighter”
• Keyissuesagainrelatingtotherelationshipbetweenculture,citizensandstates
http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/Cyberterrorism-sized.jpg
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Terminologicalchaos…
https://www.deepdotweb.com/2015/06/08/the-dark-web-deep-web-and-dark-net-terminology-hell/
By@Deku_shrub
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McAfeeInstitute,2015
http://insights.mcafeeinstitute.com/investigation-tips/the-ultimate-guide-to-the-deep-web-for-law-enforcement-professionals/
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TheSilkRoadanditssuccessors
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Turingphone:unhackable,unbreakable…
https://www.turingphone.com/
http://gadgets.ndtv.com/mobiles/news/you-can-now-reserve-the-unhackable-unbreakable-waterproof-turing-phone-723292
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Howdarkisdark?• SomedeeplyunpleasantusesofICTs– Butdependsmuchontheperspectivesadopted
• ThemoreIknow,themoremyviewshavechanged
• Howdowedealwith– Socialandsexualmaterial?– Humantraffickingandslavery?– Politicalrevolution?– Attempteddestructionofcriticalinfrastructure?
• Theimportanceofcreatingbothsocialandtechnicalresilience.
https://emilms.fema.gov/IS921/index.htm
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Transparencyandcapacity
• Needtobuildopennessandtransparencyonsecurityissues– Importanceofopenpublicdebate
• Realneedfortraining– Professionals–WiderpublicinsafeuseofInternet
• Digitalsecurityiseveryone’sresponsibility• Needfordialoguebetweengovernmentsandcitizens
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ITUm-PoweringDevelopmentInitiative
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Whyusemobilestoempowerdevelopment?• Only55%oftheworld’spopulationhaveaccesstomobileconnectivity–manymorepeopleneedtobeconnectedsothattheyhavethepotentialtoaccessthischannelanditsassociatedbenefits.
• FormanypeoplemobileistheonlyICTchannelthroughwhichtheycanaccessdigitalinformation.
• Thereisagrowingsetofresourcesavailableviamobile fordevelopment.
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Whyusemobilestoempowerdevelopment?• Mobilescanhaveaparticularadvantage
inaccessingmarginalisedgroups,includingwomen,remotecommunities,peoplewithdisabilities,refugeesandIDPs.
• MobilesareavitalpartofengagingeffectivelywiththeSDGs.
• Mobilesprovideuniqueopportunityforgatheringdataandknowledgefordevelopment throughrigorousmonitoringandevaluation
• Thescaleandavailabilityofmobilesmeansitispossibletorolloutdevelopmentinitiativeseffectivelyandatgoodvalue.
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Howtousemobilesforempoweringdevelopment• Championm-PoweringDevelopmentwithdecisionmakers
atthehighestlevel ofgovernment.• Ensurethatallrelevantgovernmentdepartmentsare
committed totheinitiative,andengagedatarelevantseniorlevel.
• Prioritisemeasuringimpactfromtheoutset toimprovetheeffectivenessofinvestments.
• Recognisethatcontextiscrucial – thereisnouniversallyapplicablesolutionorbestpractices.
• Prioritisecollaborationandintegrationacrosssectors.• Focusonidentifyingthewaysinwhichopportunitiescan
bescaledandsustainabilityensuredbydesigninginitiativesatscalefromtheiroriginalconception
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MobilesforempoweringyouthdevelopmentinPakistan
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Dramaticrecentexpansioninmobiles
CourtesyofChairofPTA
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Monthlygrowthinmobilesubscribers
1.903.063.69
4.735.77
7.689.07
10.3412.10
13.0312.7213.5014.61
15.77
18.0420.11
21.66
-
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
3G/4GSubscribers(Inm
illion)
CourtesyofChairofPTA
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Mobilecoverage
CourtesyofChairofPTA
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SmartphoneusageinPakistan(2014)
http://www.visualistan.com/2014/07/smartphone-usage-in-pakistan-infographic.html
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SmartphoneusageinPakistan(2014)
http://www.visualistan.com/2014/07/smartphone-usage-in-pakistan-infographic.html
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SmartphoneusageinPakistan(2014)
http://www.visualistan.com/2014/07/smartphone-usage-in-pakistan-infographic.html
Notelowusebyyouthunder20
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SmartphoneusageinPakistan(2014)
http://www.visualistan.com/2014/07/smartphone-usage-in-pakistan-infographic.html
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SmartphoneusageinPakistan(2014)
http://www.visualistan.com/2014/07/smartphone-usage-in-pakistan-infographic.html
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SmartphoneusageinPakistan(2014)
http://www.visualistan.com/2014/07/smartphone-usage-in-pakistan-infographic.html
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AlreadysomePakistanisuccessinappdevelopment
https://vim
eo.com
/74816763
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Pakistan– 268appdeveloperslistedbyAppfutura
https://www.appfutura.com/app-developers/pakistan
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Grappetite
https://grappetite.com/
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Mobilesandappsforempoweringyouthdevelopment
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Ineducation• Muchdebateoverm-learning– Balanceisinfavour– ButessentiallyatooltoaccessInternet,soneed3G
• Realchallengeoverilliteracyofmarginalised– Buttexttospeechhaspotential,anduseofvisualmedia
• Realfocusneedstobeonprovidingrelevantskills
• Importanceofinclusivity
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Ruraldevelopment
• Provisionofdigitalextensionservices– Goodpractices– Pestidentification
• Marketinformation• Inputprices• Butmanyprojectshavefailed• Needtoidentifyrealneedsofruralpeople
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ICTsforwomen
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ICTsforwomen
• ICTsareaccelerators– Soexacerbatesocialandeconomicinequalities
• Muchresearchhasshownrealchallengesinwomen’suseofICTsinPakistan– Especiallyinruralareas
• Butcanbeliberating– Permittingwomentoworkathome
• Thedarksideofcyberbullyingandsuicides
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TheexampleofdoctHERS
Potentialforextensionthroughmobiles
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ASK(Access,Service,Knowledge)onsexualhealth
http://www.youask.pk/
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Politicalactionamongyouth• Socialmediacreatingnewforumsforpoliticaldiscussion
• Newsmodelsofpoliticalorganisation• Oftenthreateningtooldelites– Turkishexample(Erdogan2013)• Elderlyruralpopulation• Youngurbanusersofsocialmedia
• Again,needforopendialogue• ExampleofAppgree
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Appgree
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Opennessandtransparencyingovernment
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ThedarksideofmobilesandempowermentOverandaboveaccesstotheDarkNet
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Counteringthedarkside• Mobilescandisempowerandincreaseinequality• Challenges– Propagationofunpleasantmaterial– Socialmediausedforcriminalviolence– Digitalbullying
• Usingexistinglegalinstruments– Developingnewlegislationwherenecessary– Powersofenforcement,andwilltoenforce
• Usingpositivemeanstospreadalternativemessages– Themostsuccessfulway– Needtochangethebehaviours givingrisetotheabuseoftechnology
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Discussionquestions
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1. WhatarethemainskillsneedsofyoungpeopletoenablethemtohelpbuildPakistan’sfuture?
2. Howcanmobiledevicesandapplicationsbesthelpdeveloptheseskills?
3. WhatneedstobedoneinPakistantohelpensurethatyoungpeoplecanindeedbeempoweredthroughtheuseofmobiles?
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