Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft The Fate of Antimatter January 17, 2013 | Hans Ströher...

The Fate of Antimatter

January 17, 2013 | Hans Ströher

JARA|FAME Inauguration

10. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 2

Matter and Antimatter

AnnihilationAnnihilation

Matter and Antimatter

No antimatter (!?)No antimatter (!?)

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

Time after Big BangNow

No indications for massive annihilation radiation

Paul A.M. Dirac

Inventor of AntimatterInventor of Antimatter

Paul A.M. Dirac

…, we must regard it rather as an accident that the Earth (and presumably the wholesolar system), contains a preponderance of negative electrons and positive protons.

MatterMatter

Paul A.M. Dirac

It is quite possible that for some of the stars it is the other way about, these stars being built up mainly of positrons and negative protons.

Anti-MatterAnti-Matter

Paul A.M. Dirac

Search for Anti-matter

From: NASA.gov

If we accept the view ofcomplete symmetry betweenpositive and negative electriccharge as far as concerns the fundamental laws of Nature, ...

(A)Symmetry ?(A)Symmetry ?

Paul A.M. Dirac

Search for an Asymmetry

Symmetric Big BangSymmetric Big Bang

Search for an Asymmetry

Asymmetric UniverseAsymmetric Universe

Whereis the anti-

matter?

Search for it !

It´s gone – why ?

AMS EDMQuantitativetheoreticalconnection

Whereis the anti-

matter?

Search for it !

It´s gone – why ?

AMS EDMDetectors

ElectronicsData Handling

Symmetrical objectsSymmetrical objects

– Snowflakes –

Symmetry

Why Symmetry Matters

Fundamental symmetry principles … - dictate the basic laws of physics,- control the structure of matter, and- define the fundamental forces in Nature.(Leon Lederman)

Discrete symmetriesDiscrete symmetries

Theorem

Mirror Reflection + Inversion

Symmetries (except CPT) are not perfect

Fundamental symmetry principles … - dictate the basic laws of physics,- control the structure of matter, and- define the fundamental forces in Nature.(Leon Lederman)

The fundamental theories of physics are based on symmetry considerations, yet:our world is filled with asymmetry.(Tsung-Dao Lee)

Different behaviourDifferent behaviour

CP-mirrorCP-mirror

„Particles“ „Anti-particles“

One decay happens more frequently CP-symmetry is broken

New CPV ? - EDM New CPV ? - EDM

Standard Model CP violation too small !

Matter Anti-Matter

EDM violates T (CP)EDM violates T (CP)

Electric Dipole Moment

„Round“:No EDM

Spin EDM

Differentstates

Spin EDM

1950´s: EDMs small1950´s: EDMs small

Neutron

1022 fm

Adapted from:Nature,

Vol 482 (2012)

No EDM yet, only limitsNo EDM yet, only limits

„10m“

EDMs must exist

Neutron

EDM: precision frontierEDM: precision frontier

1 fm 1022 fm

<10 µm

Precession frequencyPrecession frequency

How EDMs are Measured

hf+ = 2µB + 2dE hf- = 2µB - 2dE

Polarization vectorPolarization vector

„Freeze“ horizontal spinof polarized

charged particle beamin storage ring

along themomentum, …

Momentum

„Freeze“ horizontal spinof polarized

charged particle beamin storage ring

along themomentum, …

… apply a radial electric field (E) …

… and watch for development of vertical polarization EDM

Goal:10-29 e cm

„nm separation“

COSY: from tests …COSY: from tests …

Storage Ring EDM Project

COSY: precursor expt.COSY: precursor expt.

… … to a precision SRto a precision SR

Options:

All-electric ring (proton, electron): only E-fieldAll-in-one ring (proton, deuteron, 3He): E- and B-fields

Requirements:

Clockwise and

counterclockwise beams

… … to a precision SRto a precision SR

Options:

Challenges:

Huge E-fieldsShielding B-fieldsSpin coherenceBeam position

Polarimetry(...)

Options:

JEDI-CollaborationJEDI-Collaboration

JEDIJülich Electric Dipole Moment Investigations

JEDI: staged approachJEDI: staged approach

EDM Sensitivity

R&D, test measurements at COSY

Precursor expt. w/ COSY

Dedicated SR

10-24 e cm

10-29 e cm

First directmeasurements

for p, d

First directmeasurements

for p, d

Highest sensitivityHighest sensitivity

pEDMdEDM

Possibility of a

discovery

Fate of antimatterFate of antimatter

JARA|FAME

CPVCPV

Search for charged-particle EDMs in storage rings

Unprecedented sensitivity (< 10-29 e cm)Reason for baryon-asymmetric Universe

Physics beyond the Standard ModelExceptional technological challenge

A A must-domust-do and can-do !

JARA|FAME

CPVCPV

A A must-domust-do and and can-docan-do ! !

JARA|FAME

CPVCPV

SPARES

CMB Radiation

“PLANCK” (ESA, 2009)

The main feature of this image is our own Galaxy, as a white line across the middle.

Planck's main objective is to map the CMB ratiation, which was emitted in the early Universe. This can be seen in regions where the Galaxyis not emitting strongly, as red and yellow mottled appearance at the top and bottom of the image.

The CMB is actually present over the whole sky, but is swamped bythe light from our own Galaxy.

INTEGRAL mapped the glow of 511 keV gamma rays from electron-positron annihilation. The map shows the whole sky, with the galactic center in the middle. The emission extends to the right.

This INTEGRAL image shows the distribution of hard low-mass X-ray binaries. This stellar population has a distribution that matches the extent of the 511 keV map.

FERMI Gamma-Ray Space Telescope (formerly GLAST):

-ray pulsars

Cycle of pulsed gamma rays from the Vela pulsar

Baryon Asymmetric Universe

From: NASA.gov

The predicted abundance of deuterium, helium and lithium depends on the density of ordinary matter in the early Universe.

The WMAP satellite is able to directly measure the ordinary matter density:

i.e., or every baryon, thereare 2 x 109 photons …, butwe see no antibaryons:

Time since Big Bang (yr)

Baryogenesis

From: NASA.gov

Three conditions (Sakharov):

Baryon number violation B = 0 B = 0

C- and CP-violation every asymmetry will be compensated

Non-thermal equilibrium no change in equilibrium

Can be formally proven by quantum mechanics and statistical physics.

SM baryogenesis extremelyunlikely (smallness of CPV,current Higgs-mass)

Production of Anti-matter

1995:First observation of anti-hydrogen(9 atoms)W. Oelert et al.

Production of Anti-matter

Symmetry

Discrete Symmetries

Symmetry Breaking

Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft The Fate of Antimatter January 17, 2013 | Hans Ströher...

Documents

Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Summary of the School August 17, 2012 | Hans Ströher (Forschungszentrum Jülich) GGSWBS´12 (Batumi, August 13 – 17,

Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft JEDI JEDI A Search for Charged-particle EDMs with Storage Rings 27.11.2012 | Hans Ströher Seminar Cracow 2012

FAIR Status Report Hans Ströher NuPECC-Meeting Cracow June 9, 2006

Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Physics at COSY-Jülich December 2010 | Hans Ströher (Forschungszentrum Jülich, Univ. Cologne) Baryons´10, Osaka (Japan),

Fernanda Ströher Barbosa

Antimatter Propulsion

Constraints on Antimatter in the Universe from Observationsblois.in2p3.fr/2002/plenary/monday17/antimatter/Blois2002Paul.pdf · In collecting antimatter particles (cosmic-ray studies)

Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Workshop Introduction and Physics at COSY-ANKE June 2012 | Hans Ströher (Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany) Workshop

ANTIMATTER TECHNOLOGY

Antimatter drive

Antimatter Meier

Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Bericht zu COSY KHuK Jahrestagung 2011 Dezember 2011 | Hans Ströher

Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft July 2015 | Hans Ströher (Forschungszentrum Jülich) EPS Conference on High Energy Physics, 22-29 July 2015, Vienna

Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft From Hadron Physics to the Precision Frontier A Very Short Introduction August 6, 2012 | Hans Ströher (Forschungszentrum

Introduction-to-particle-physics - Antimatter | Life in a … - Antimatter | Life in a puzzling

Antimatter drivensail

Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft PAX Polarized Antiprotons 2nd Meeting FAIR Experiments February 25, 2009 | Hans Ströher (FZ-Jülich)

Antimatter Experiments at CERN - KFKIhorvath/Talks/2014/ad_ffk2014.pdf · ALPHA: Antimatter Laser PHysics Apparatus ATRAP: Antimatter trap AEGIS: Antimatter gravity ACE: Antimatter

Forschungszentrum Jülich in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft "Hadron and Nuclear Physics in Europe: Tools for the Future" Hans Ströher, IKP, FZJ, Germany

Antimatter Induced FUSION