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Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Justice and the PolicePolice
Dept. of CorrectionsDept. of Corrections
Riga, March 17th, Riga, March 17th, 20112011
Gerhard Ploeg, senior Gerhard Ploeg, senior adviseradviser
The Norwegian correctional The Norwegian correctional reform plansreform plans
How did we get there?How did we get there?
• Crime and punishment in Crime and punishment in NorwayNorway
• Corrections: goals and Corrections: goals and organisationorganisation
What more can we do?What more can we do?
• Principles and policy-Principles and policy-developmentdevelopment
VERY LOW RECIDIVISM RATESVERY LOW RECIDIVISM RATES
What will I speak about?What will I speak about?
Crime developmentCrime development
Crime developmentCrime development
Crime developmentCrime development
Crime developmentCrime development
NN RateRate
USAUSA 2,292,0002,292,000 747433
RussiaRussia 882525,400,400 582582
LatviaLatvia 7,0557,055 314314
England & Wales England & Wales 83,83,055055 150150
NorwayNorway 3,4463,446 7171
LiechtensteinLiechtenstein 1010 2828
Source: ICPS World Prison Brief, January 2011Source: ICPS World Prison Brief, January 2011
Average daily number of prisoners andAverage daily number of prisoners andprison – population rate in some countriesprison – population rate in some countries
Prison NumbersPrison Numbers
Correctional Services Correctional Services of Norwayof Norway
State OrganisationState Organisation
Probation – PrisonProbation – Prison
GoalsGoals
The Correctional Services are The Correctional Services are • responsible for carrying out responsible for carrying out
remands in custody and remands in custody and penal sanctions penal sanctions
in a way that takes into consideration in a way that takes into consideration • the security of all citizens and the security of all citizens and • attempts to prevent recidivism attempts to prevent recidivism • by enabling the offenders, by enabling the offenders,
through their own initiatives, through their own initiatives, to change their criminal behaviour.to change their criminal behaviour.
GoalsGoals
SECURITYSECURITY
REHABILITATIOREHABILITATIONN
OrganisatioOrganisationn
Oslo: 392Oslo: 392 Mosjøen: 12Mosjøen: 12 Average: ca. 70 Average: ca. 70
OrganisatioOrganisationn
Central level in the Ministry of JusticeCentral level in the Ministry of Justice
Six regional officesSix regional offices
44 p44 prisons and risons and 17 17 probation probation main main officesoffices
High-security or High-security or closed prisonclosed prison
2427 = 63,4%2427 = 63,4%
Lower-security Lower-security or open prisonor open prison
1192 = 31,2 %1192 = 31,2 %
Half-way houseHalf-way house
104 = 2,7 %104 = 2,7 %
Probation service Probation service mmain tasksain tasks
Probation service Probation service mmain tasksain tasks
• Community sentenceCommunity sentence 4488 % %
• Pre-sentence report Pre-sentence report 2929 %%
• Conditional releaseConditional release 15 %15 %
• IntoxicatedIntoxicated drivers program drivers program 99 % %
StaffStaff
• Ca. 3,500 fte working in prisonsCa. 3,500 fte working in prisons
• Ca. 300 fte working in probationCa. 300 fte working in probation
• Ca. 450 fte in Staff Academy and ICT-serviceCa. 450 fte in Staff Academy and ICT-service
Prison officer trainingPrison officer training
Two-year education at academic levelTwo-year education at academic level
• Psychology, sociology, criminology, law, Psychology, sociology, criminology, law, social worksocial work
• Conflict management, ethics and human Conflict management, ethics and human rightsrights
Post-training courses in various working Post-training courses in various working methods and programmesmethods and programmes
Salary during educationSalary during education
Plans for the FuturePlans for the Future
White Paper: White Paper:
””Punishment that Punishment that works”works”
(September 2008)(September 2008)
A safer communityA safer community
• High-security prison is necessary High-security prison is necessary for somefor some
• Better rehabilitation is necessary Better rehabilitation is necessary for allfor all
• AddictionAddiction
• Low educationLow education
• UnemploymentUnemployment
• HomelessHomeless
• Below povertylineBelow povertyline
Inmate’s living conditionsInmate’s living conditions
60 %60 %
40 %40 %
80 %80 %
70 %70 %
40 %40 %
Reintegration guaranteeReintegration guarantee
• A place to live A place to live • Some form of incomeSome form of income• Identity papersIdentity papers
If relevant an offer of:If relevant an offer of:• EducationEducation• EmploymentEmployment• Health servicesHealth services• Addiction treatmentAddiction treatment• Debt counsellingDebt counselling
The whole government!The whole government!
More community sanctionsMore community sanctions
Community sentencesCommunity sentences
Drug Drug CourtCourt
Intoxicated drivers Intoxicated drivers programmeprogramme
Principle of normality = Principle of normality = no stricter than necessaryno stricter than necessary
The punishment is the deprivation of libertyThe punishment is the deprivation of liberty
Security: enough is Security: enough is enoughenough
A life as normal as A life as normal as possiblepossible
Import modelImport model
Medical, educational, employment, clerical and Medical, educational, employment, clerical and library services are provided from outsidelibrary services are provided from outside
• ContinuityContinuity
• InvolvementInvolvement
• BudgetBudget
More and sooner to an open prison More and sooner to an open prison
Conditional releaseConditional release
Treatment institutionTreatment institution
Halfway houseHalfway house
Electronic monitoringElectronic monitoring
Variation in prison sentence Variation in prison sentence executionexecution
ReturningReturning
Voluntary organsationsVoluntary organsations
Network outside office Network outside office hourshours
• Regulations for leaveRegulations for leave• More parental guidanceMore parental guidance• More phonetime / visiting More phonetime / visiting
hourshours• Better visiting facilitiesBetter visiting facilities
Family and Family and friendsfriends
Source: ”Retur”, Nordic Research Group, 2010Source: ”Retur”, Nordic Research Group, 2010
• All prisoners released and all All prisoners released and all community sentences started in 2005community sentences started in 2005
• Follow-up period of two yearsFollow-up period of two years• Recidivism = new conviction to prison Recidivism = new conviction to prison
or community sentenceor community sentence
RecidivismRecidivism
Source: ”Retur”, Nordic Research Group, 2010Source: ”Retur”, Nordic Research Group, 2010
RecidivismRecidivism
The general public on penal goalsThe general public on penal goals
REVENGEREVENGE
GENERAL DETERRENCEGENERAL DETERRENCE
SPECIAL DETERRENCESPECIAL DETERRENCE
INCAPACITATIONINCAPACITATION
REHABILITATIONREHABILITATION
The general public on penal goalsThe general public on penal goals
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The right direction??The right direction??
www.kriminalomsorgen.no
gerhard.ploeg@jd.dep.no
tel. +47 22 24 55 73tel. +47 22 24 55 73
Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!
Twitter: @gerhardploeg
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