Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Justice and the PolicePolice

Dept. of CorrectionsDept. of Corrections

Riga, March 17th, Riga, March 17th, 20112011

Gerhard Ploeg, senior Gerhard Ploeg, senior adviseradviser

The Norwegian correctional The Norwegian correctional reform plansreform plans

How did we get there?How did we get there?

• Crime and punishment in Crime and punishment in NorwayNorway

• Corrections: goals and Corrections: goals and organisationorganisation

What more can we do?What more can we do?

• Principles and policy-Principles and policy-developmentdevelopment

VERY LOW RECIDIVISM RATESVERY LOW RECIDIVISM RATES

What will I speak about?What will I speak about?

Crime developmentCrime development

Crime developmentCrime development

Crime developmentCrime development

Crime developmentCrime development

NN RateRate

USAUSA 2,292,0002,292,000 747433

RussiaRussia 882525,400,400 582582

LatviaLatvia 7,0557,055 314314

England & Wales England & Wales 83,83,055055 150150

NorwayNorway 3,4463,446 7171

LiechtensteinLiechtenstein 1010 2828

Source: ICPS World Prison Brief, January 2011Source: ICPS World Prison Brief, January 2011

Average daily number of prisoners andAverage daily number of prisoners andprison – population rate in some countriesprison – population rate in some countries

Prison NumbersPrison Numbers

Correctional Services Correctional Services of Norwayof Norway

State OrganisationState Organisation

Probation – PrisonProbation – Prison

GoalsGoals

The Correctional Services are The Correctional Services are • responsible for carrying out responsible for carrying out

remands in custody and remands in custody and penal sanctions penal sanctions

in a way that takes into consideration in a way that takes into consideration • the security of all citizens and the security of all citizens and • attempts to prevent recidivism attempts to prevent recidivism • by enabling the offenders, by enabling the offenders,

through their own initiatives, through their own initiatives, to change their criminal behaviour.to change their criminal behaviour.

GoalsGoals

SECURITYSECURITY

REHABILITATIOREHABILITATIONN

OrganisatioOrganisationn

Oslo: 392Oslo: 392 Mosjøen: 12Mosjøen: 12 Average: ca. 70 Average: ca. 70

OrganisatioOrganisationn

Central level in the Ministry of JusticeCentral level in the Ministry of Justice

Six regional officesSix regional offices

44 p44 prisons and risons and 17 17 probation probation main main officesoffices

High-security or High-security or closed prisonclosed prison

2427 = 63,4%2427 = 63,4%

Lower-security Lower-security or open prisonor open prison

1192 = 31,2 %1192 = 31,2 %

Half-way houseHalf-way house

104 = 2,7 %104 = 2,7 %

Probation service Probation service mmain tasksain tasks

Probation service Probation service mmain tasksain tasks

• Community sentenceCommunity sentence 4488 % %

• Pre-sentence report Pre-sentence report 2929 %%

• Conditional releaseConditional release 15 %15 %

• IntoxicatedIntoxicated drivers program drivers program 99 % %

StaffStaff

• Ca. 3,500 fte working in prisonsCa. 3,500 fte working in prisons

• Ca. 300 fte working in probationCa. 300 fte working in probation

• Ca. 450 fte in Staff Academy and ICT-serviceCa. 450 fte in Staff Academy and ICT-service

Prison officer trainingPrison officer training

Two-year education at academic levelTwo-year education at academic level

• Psychology, sociology, criminology, law, Psychology, sociology, criminology, law, social worksocial work

• Conflict management, ethics and human Conflict management, ethics and human rightsrights

Post-training courses in various working Post-training courses in various working methods and programmesmethods and programmes

Salary during educationSalary during education

Plans for the FuturePlans for the Future

White Paper: White Paper:

””Punishment that Punishment that works”works”

(September 2008)(September 2008)

A safer communityA safer community

• High-security prison is necessary High-security prison is necessary for somefor some

• Better rehabilitation is necessary Better rehabilitation is necessary for allfor all

• AddictionAddiction

• Low educationLow education

• UnemploymentUnemployment

• HomelessHomeless

• Below povertylineBelow povertyline

Inmate’s living conditionsInmate’s living conditions

60 %60 %

40 %40 %

80 %80 %

70 %70 %

40 %40 %

Reintegration guaranteeReintegration guarantee

• A place to live A place to live • Some form of incomeSome form of income• Identity papersIdentity papers

If relevant an offer of:If relevant an offer of:• EducationEducation• EmploymentEmployment• Health servicesHealth services• Addiction treatmentAddiction treatment• Debt counsellingDebt counselling

The whole government!The whole government!

More community sanctionsMore community sanctions

Community sentencesCommunity sentences

Drug Drug CourtCourt

Intoxicated drivers Intoxicated drivers programmeprogramme

Principle of normality = Principle of normality = no stricter than necessaryno stricter than necessary

The punishment is the deprivation of libertyThe punishment is the deprivation of liberty

Security: enough is Security: enough is enoughenough

A life as normal as A life as normal as possiblepossible

Import modelImport model

Medical, educational, employment, clerical and Medical, educational, employment, clerical and library services are provided from outsidelibrary services are provided from outside

• ContinuityContinuity

• InvolvementInvolvement

• BudgetBudget

More and sooner to an open prison More and sooner to an open prison

Conditional releaseConditional release

Treatment institutionTreatment institution

Halfway houseHalfway house

Electronic monitoringElectronic monitoring

Variation in prison sentence Variation in prison sentence executionexecution

ReturningReturning

Voluntary organsationsVoluntary organsations

Network outside office Network outside office hourshours

• Regulations for leaveRegulations for leave• More parental guidanceMore parental guidance• More phonetime / visiting More phonetime / visiting

hourshours• Better visiting facilitiesBetter visiting facilities

Family and Family and friendsfriends

Source: ”Retur”, Nordic Research Group, 2010Source: ”Retur”, Nordic Research Group, 2010

• All prisoners released and all All prisoners released and all community sentences started in 2005community sentences started in 2005

• Follow-up period of two yearsFollow-up period of two years• Recidivism = new conviction to prison Recidivism = new conviction to prison

or community sentenceor community sentence

RecidivismRecidivism

Source: ”Retur”, Nordic Research Group, 2010Source: ”Retur”, Nordic Research Group, 2010

RecidivismRecidivism

The general public on penal goalsThe general public on penal goals

REVENGEREVENGE

GENERAL DETERRENCEGENERAL DETERRENCE

SPECIAL DETERRENCESPECIAL DETERRENCE

INCAPACITATIONINCAPACITATION

REHABILITATIONREHABILITATION

The general public on penal goalsThe general public on penal goals

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The right direction??The right direction??

www.kriminalomsorgen.no

gerhard.ploeg@jd.dep.no

tel. +47 22 24 55 73tel. +47 22 24 55 73

Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!

Twitter: @gerhardploeg