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MEDICINE THROUGH TIME: REVISION BOOKLET
KEYWORDS:
For each of the keywords try and write a definition or meaning.
KEYWORD MEANING
ALMSHOUSE
ANAESTHETIC
ANATOMY
ANTIBIOTICS
ANTISEPTIC
APOTHECARY
ASEPTIC
ASTROLOGY
BLACK DEATH
BLOODLETTING
CAUTERY
DISSECTION
DNA
EPIDEMIC
FLAGELLANTS
FOUR HUMOURS
HYGIENE
IMMUNISATION
INDUSTRIALREVOLUTION
INOCULATION
LAISSEZ FAIRE
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LIGATURE
MAGIC BULLET
MEDIEVAL
MIASMA
MICROBES
NHS
PATENT MEDICINE
PHARMACY
PHYSIOLOGY
PLASTIC SURGERY
PUBLIC HEALTH
PURGING
RENAISSANCE
ROYAL SOCIETY
SEPSIS
SEWER
SPONTANEOUSGENERATION
SUPERNATURAL
SURGEON
TRANSFUSION
VACCINATION
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ROMANMEDCINE
IDEAS ABOUT THECAUSE OF DISEASE
KEY TREATMENTS
PUBLIC HEALTH
KEY INDVIDUALS
MEDICAL TRAINING
EXAMPLES OFCONTINUITY/CHANGE
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MEDIEVALMEDCINE
IDEAS ABOUT THE CAUSEOF DISEASE
KEY TREATMENTS THE BLACK DEATH
KEY INDIVIDUALS
THE ROLE OF THE CHURCHEXAMPLES OFCONTINUITY/CHANGE
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CHANGE AND CONTINUITY FROM THE ROMAN PERIOD TO THEMEDIEVAL PERIOD
Fill in the table below with example of change/continuity
CHANGE/CONTINUITY EXAMPLESCHANGE
CONTINUITY
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RENAISSANCE KEY INDIVIDUAL 1: ANDREAS VESALIUS
What did he do?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
How many of Galens errors did he correct?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What did he do differently?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What was the book called he wrote?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Why did his ideas have a limited impact?_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What factors were important in helping him make his discoveries and why?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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RENAISSANCE KEY INDIVIDUAL 2: WILLIAM HARVEY
What did he do?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
How did he correct Galen?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What did he do differently?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What was the book called he wrote?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Why did his ideas have a limited impact?_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What factors were important in helping him make his discoveries and why?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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RENAISSANCE KEY INDIVIDUAL 3: AMBROSE PARE
What did he do?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
How did he correct Galen?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What did he do differently?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What was the book called he wrote?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Why did his ideas have a limited impact?_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What factors were important in helping him make his discoveries and why?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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RENIASSANCEMEDCINE
IDEAS ABOUT THE CAUSEOF DISEASE
KEY TREATMENTS
EXAMPLES OF
CHANGE/CONTINUITY
THE ROYAL SOCIETY KEY INDIVIDUALS
IMPACT
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CHANGE AND CONTINUITY FROM THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD TO THERENAISSANCE
Fill in the table below with example of change/continuity.
CHANGE/CONTINUITY EXAMPLESCHANGE
CONTINUITY
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MEDICINE1750-1900
IDEAS ABOUT THE CAUSEOF DISEASE
KEY TREATMENTS
KEY DEVELOPMENTS
THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
KEY INDIVIDUALS
EXAMPLES OFCHANGE/CONTINUITY
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EDWARD JENNER AND VACCINATIONS: try and write a sentence to accompany each picture to explain the story of the Smallpoxvaccination.
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LOUIS PASTEUR
WHAT EXPERIMENTS DID IDO?_______
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WHAT FACTORS HELPED ME MAKEMYDISCOVERIES?____________________
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
WHAT EXPERIMENT DID I DO TOCREATE THE GERMTHEORY?________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
WHAT ABOUT THE CHICKENCHOLERAVACCINE?________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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ROBERT KOCH
WHAT EXPERIMENTS DID IDO?_______
_________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WHY AM IIMPORTANT?______________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
WHAT FACTORS HELPED ME MAKEMYDISCOVERIES?____________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WHY WAS THE STAINING OFBACTERIAIMPORTANT?______________________
_________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE
HOW DID NUGHTINGALE IMPROVENURSING IN THE WARZONE?________
_________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WHAT WAR WAS SHE INVOLVED IN?HOW WAS IT REPORTED? HOW DIDSHE GETTHERE?___________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WHAT WAS NIGHTINGALESBACKGROUND? HOW DID SHE GETINTO NURSING? WHAT WASPEOPLES ATTITUDE TO NURSESBEFORE HER?____________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WHAT ABOUT NIGHTINGALEHOSPITALS?______________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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ELIZBETH GARRET ANDERSON
WHAT OPPOSITION DID IFACE?______
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WHAT WAS MY BACKGROUND?_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WHY DID I GO TOFRANCE?__________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WHY AM I IMPORTANT?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
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EDWIN CHADWICK
WHAT RECOMMENDATIONS DID MYBOOK MAKE?____________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WHAT BOOK DID I WRITE?____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WHY AM I IMPORTANT?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WHATY OPPOSITION DID I FACE?______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Edwin_Chadwick2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Edwin_Chadwick2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Edwin_Chadwick2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Edwin_Chadwick2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Edwin_Chadwick2.jpg8/10/2019 Medicine Revish Booklet v4
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JOHN SNOW
HOW DID I PROVE CHOLERA WASWATER BORNE?_________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WHAT FACTORS HELPED ME MAKE
MY DISCOVERIES?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WHAT OPPOSITION DID I FACE?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WHY AM I IMPORTANT?__________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
http://johnsnowbicentenary.lshtm.ac.uk/files/2012/07/John-Snow-cropped.jpghttp://johnsnowbicentenary.lshtm.ac.uk/files/2012/07/John-Snow-cropped.jpghttp://johnsnowbicentenary.lshtm.ac.uk/files/2012/07/John-Snow-cropped.jpghttp://johnsnowbicentenary.lshtm.ac.uk/files/2012/07/John-Snow-cropped.jpghttp://johnsnowbicentenary.lshtm.ac.uk/files/2012/07/John-Snow-cropped.jpg8/10/2019 Medicine Revish Booklet v4
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JOSEPH BAZALGETTE
WHAT WAS MY BACKGROUND?_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WHAT WAS MY ROLE IN BUILDINGLONDONS SEWERS?_______________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
HOW DID THE SEWERS WORK?________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WHAT FACTORS HELPED ME MAKE
MY DISCOVERIES?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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PATENT MEDICINES AND PHARMACIES
Fill in the missing words in the paragraphs below on patent medicines andpharmacies.
During the 19th
century there was less use of herbal remedies. However,apothecaries sold many p_________________. These preparations tooks manyforms such as coloured liquids; alchold; lard; wax; ginger and arsenic.
The ingredients for pills were made into a p_____________ and then shaped byhand. The use of pills was revolutionised in 1844 when William B_______________invented a machine to make standardised pills that were produced far more quicklythan being made by hand.
Thomas Beecham began selling his pills in 1847 and Jesse Boot transformed hisfamily shop into a chain of pharmacies in the late 19thcentury. By the end of the 19th
century British government r_________________ stopped many of the harmfulingredients being used. Meanwhile, the growth of the chemical industry meant thatcompanies such as Wellcome, Boots and B________________ could produce theirbrand of medicines on a national basis, and they all used advertising in newspapersand posters to increase their sales. This type of business is called thep_____________________ industry.
MISSING WORDS:
Preparations/pharmaceutical/regulations/paste/Beecham/Brockedon
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MEDICINE 1900TO THE
IDEAS ABOUT THE CAUSE
OF DISEASE
KEY TREATMENTS
NEW TECHNOLOGIES
KEY INDIVIDUALS
THE NHS
EXAMPLES OFCHANGE/CONTINUITY
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF MAGIC BULLETS: PAUL EHRLICH
WHAT EXPERIMENTS DID I CARRYOUT? HOW WAS SALVERSAN 606DISCOVERED?____________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WHAT FACTORS HELPED ME MAKE
MYDISCOVERIES?____________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WHAT DID EMIL VON BEHRINGDO?___
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WHAT ARE MAGICBULLETS?_________
__________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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PENICILLIN
HOW WAS ITDISCOVERED?
WHAT WAS THE ROLEOF FLEMING?
WHAT ABOUT FLOREY AND CHAIN?
WHY WAS WORLD WARTWO IMPORTANT?
WHAT ABOUT THE ROLEOF GOVERNMENT?
WHAT ABOUT THE DRUG COMPANIESAND COUNTRIES INVOLVED?
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DNA
KEY QUESTION: ANSWER:
WHO WERE WATSON AND
CRICK?
WHAT WAS THE ROLE OFMAURICE WILKINS?
WHAT ABOUT ROSALINDFRANKLIN?
WHY WAS DNA SUCH ANIMPORTANT DISCOVERY?
WHAT FACTORS HELPEDTHE DISCOVERY OF DNA?
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MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH FROM ROMAN BRITAIN TO 1350
KEY INDIVIDUAL 1: HIPPOCRATES
KEY REASON WHY HE ISIMPORTANT
WHY DOES THIS MAKE HIM IMPORTANT?
1. THEORY OF THE FOURHUMOURS
2. HIPPOCRATIC OATH
3. CLINICAL OBSERVATION
4. CASE STUDIES
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KEY INDIVIDUAL 2: GALEN
KEY QUESTION DETAILS:
WHAT TIME PERIOD DIDGALEN WORK DURING?
WHY IS HE IMPORTANT?
WHAT WAS HE NOTALLOWED TO DO?
WHAT WERE HIS KEYDISCOVERIES?
WHAT MISTAKES DID HEMAKE?
WHY WERE HIS IDEAS
ADOPTED BY THECATHOLIC CHURCH
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ROMAN PUBLIC HEALTH
KEY QUESTION DETAILS
WHY WERE AQUEDUCTSIMPORTANT?
WHY WERE PUBLICTOILETS IMPORTANT?
WHY WERE BATHSIMPORTANT?
WHY WERE SEWERS
IMPORTANT?
WHAT ROLE DID THEGOVERNMENT PLAY INPUBLIC HEALTH?
WHO DID THE ROMANSCREATE HOSPITALSFOR?
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THE ROLE OF RELIGION AND THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN CARE FOR THESICK
Who were monastery hospitals for?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Give an example of a medieval hospital?______________________________________________________________________________________________________
What does the above medieval picture show us about the care and treatmentreceived in medieval monastery hospitals?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Who did most people rely on for treatment?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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CHANGES IN MEDICAL TRAINING
Read these statements and colour code according to whether they are examples ofcontinuity or change in medical training between the Roman and Medieval periods
KEYEXAMPLES OF CHANGE
EXAMPLES OF CONTINUITY
Doctors were notrespected
Galens ideas werestill taught.
In the Roman perioddoctors were nothighly respected
The church becamevery powerful
Dissection wasfrowned upon orbanned.
By the 12thcenturythere was a separatecourse for doctorsbased on texts calledthe Ars Medicinae (Artof Medicine)
Doctors had to provetheir qualifications topractice by the 13thcentury
There was littlechange as manydoctors continued toread books or workwith a successfuldoctor
Education and trainingwere controlled by thechurch in the Middle
Ages
The Theory of theOpposites wasadopted from the
Theory of the FourHumours
Students in the MiddleAges were notencouraged to study
anatomy or look formistakes in Galensteachings.
Bloodletting wascommon
CHANGES IN PUBLIC HEALTH
Read these statements and colour code according to whether they are examples ofcontinuity or change in public health between the Roman and Medieval periods
KEY
EXAMPLES OF CHANGEEXAMPLES OF CONTINUITY
Taxes were notcollected for publichealth
There were fewaqueducts, publicbaths and toilets.
When the Romanempire collapsed sodid public health.
Strong governmentmeant public healthwas good.
Animals wereslaughtered in thestreet.
There was no stronggovernment so publichealth was worse
Wealthy medievalpeople still had goodpublic health.
Towns were not builtnear swamps becausethe Romans fearedmalaria.
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There were publictoilets in London,Leicester and otherplaces in the MiddleAges
Human excrementwas common on thestreet.
Taxes were collectedfor public health.
In the 13thcenturylead pipes were laid inLondon.
In 1281 thegovernment attemptedto stop pigs beingallowed onto Londonsstreets.
The people in theMiddle Ages were nottaxed to pay for publichealth.
The standard ofhygiene for monksand nuns was high inthe Middle Ages.
In 1347 a Sanitary Actwas passed to try andkeep the streetscleaner.
CHANGES IN IDEAS ABOUT CAUSES AND TREATMENTS
Read these statements and colour code according to whether they are examples ofcontinuity or change in public health between the Roman and Medieval periods
KEY
EXAMPLES OF CHANGE
EXAMPLES OF CONTINUITY
Jews were blamed forthe Black Death.
People stillfollowed Galensideas.
The Catholicchurchdiscourageddissection.
The Theory of theOpposites wasdeveloped from theTheory of the FourHumours.
Prevention of disease
was important for theRomans.
Astrology or the
movement of theplanets wasblamed fordisease.
The Romans
believed in theGods.
People preyed to god.
Strapping a live chickento your head wasthought a cure for theBlack Death.
Bloodletting wascommon
Flagellantswhippedthemselves duringthe Black Death of1348
Miasma or bad smellswas a cause of disease.
Most people relied onherbal remedies and
cannot afford a doctor
The Romans didntbuild near swamps
as they fearedmalaria
Most people reliedon the wife or
mother to providesimple healthcare.
CHANGES IN MEDICAL TRAINING
PERIOD EXAMPLES OF CONTINUITY EXAMPLES OF CHANGE
ROMAN
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MEDIEVAL
RENAISSANCE
1750-1900
1900 TO THEPRESENT DAY
THE FACTORS IN MEDICINE
FACTOR EXAMPLES
WAR
INDIVIDUAL GENIUS
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SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
CHANCE/LUCK
RESEARCH TEAMS
EXPERIMENTATION
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MEDICINE THROUGH TIME: AN OVERVIEW
PERIOD EXAMPLES OF CONTINUITY EXAMPLES OF CHANGE
THE ROMANPERIOD
THE MEDIEVALPERIOD
THERENIASSANCE
1750-1900
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1900 TO THEPRESENT DAY
PRACTICE QUESTIONS:
Below are some practice questions. Have a good at the different question types and
make sure you are happy with the success criteria for each question type. I am morethan happy to give you feedback on any of these questions.
THE 8 MARK QUESTION:
Success Criteria:
Explain what can be learned from the sources
Use the information from the sources-quote or explain what the picture shows
Make a clear inference
Use your own knowledge
EXAMPLE QUESTION 1: What do sources A and B show about changes inattitudes towards nurses between the start and end of the nineteenth century?
Source AAn extract from Martin Chusslewitt, a novel by Charles Dickens, publishedin 1844. In his introduce Dickens wrote that Mrs Betsy Prig is an accuratedescription of a hospital nurse.
How are we? asked Mrs Gamp.
Mrs Prig said, Hes as cross as two sticks. He wouldnt have washed if hed had hisown way.She put soap in my mouth, said the unfortunate patient, feebly.Couldnt you keep it shut them? said Mrs Prig.
Source B: A picture of Florence Nightingale
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EXAMPLE QUESTION 2: What do sources A and B show about changes in the role
of government between the Middle Ages and the twentieth century?
Source A: Sanitation in the Middle Ages, from an old woodcut
Source B: Government legislation means that every cigarette packet carries anobvious health warning
EXAMPLE QUESTION 3: What do sources A and B show us about changes inmedical training between the middle ages and the twenty first century?
Source A: A 14thcentury picture showing a physician treating a patient; the peoplebehind the physician may be his apprentices.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cig.packet.750pix.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cig.packet.750pix.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cig.packet.750pix.jpg8/10/2019 Medicine Revish Booklet v4
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Source B: Description of medical courses to become a doctor from the NHS website,
2014
Courses in medicine are offered by a number of medical schools. Please use ourcoursefinderto locate these.
"Standard" five-year degree course Courses including the pre-medical year, for candidates with non-science
subjects to offer at A level (or equivalent). The pre-medical year is apreliminary course in chemistry, physics and biology and lasts normally 30weeks
Accelerated courses for graduates (four years)
THE 6 MARK QUESTION:
Success Criteria:
Spend 8-10 minutes on this type of question
Aim for one PEA paragraph
Explain the key features and give specific examples
QUESTION 1: The boxes below show two different periods. Choose one anddescribe the key features of the care that was available to patients in Englishhospitals during that period.
The late middle ages The late nineteenth century, after thework of Florence Nightingale
QUESTION 2: The boxes below show two different periods. Choose one anddescribe the key features of medical training in that period.
Training of doctors in the middle ages Training of doctors in the Twentieth
Century
QUESTION 3: The boxes below show two different periods. Choose one and explainthe key features of public health in that period
The middle ages The beginning of the nineteenth century
QUESTION 4: The boxes below show two different periods. Choose one and explainthe key features of the role of government in that period.
The Roman period The Twentieth Century
THE 12 MARK QUESTION
http://www.nhscareers.nhs.uk/courses/http://www.nhscareers.nhs.uk/courses/http://www.nhscareers.nhs.uk/courses/8/10/2019 Medicine Revish Booklet v4
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Success Criteria:
Spend 15 minutes on this type of question
Three paragraphs
A conclusion-especially if it is a how far question
QUESTION 1: Why have science and technology been so important in improvingmedical understanding since 1850? (12)
Louis Pasteur published his germ theory in 1861.X-Rays were discovered in 1895.Crick and Watson discovered the structure of DNA in 1953.
QUESTION 2: How important for the prevention of disease was Edward Jennersdiscovery of a smallpox vaccination in 1796? (12)
Lady Mary Wortley Montague had her children inoculated against smallpox in 1721.The British government made vaccination against smallpox compulsory in 1852.Louis Pasteur tested a vaccine against rabies in 1886.
QUESTION 3: In what ways did the training of doctors change during the periodc1350c1900?
Vesalius carried out dissections during the Renaissance period.1815: The Society of Apothecaries and the Royal College of Surgeons introduced
examinations.1884: Edinburgh University opened a new medical school, containing researchlaboratories.
QUESTION 4: Why did the standard of medical treatment improve so rapidly duringthe twentieth century?
1909: Salvarsan 606 was discovered.194849: In its first year, 373 million was spent on the NHS.1956: A dialysis machine was first used for people with kidney problems.
QUESTION 5: How far did the church have a positive role in medicine during theperiod c1350c1750?
You may use the following in your answer and any other information of your own.A picture of the Hotel Dieu* in Paris during the fifteenth century. Similar buildingsexisted in Britain.
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QUESTION 6: Why was there so much opposition to Jenners vaccination againstsmallpox? (12)
You may use the following in your answer and any other information of your own.
During the eighteenth century, many doctors were paid to inoculate people.
1797: The Royal Society rejected Jenners report about his theory of
vaccination. Cowpox samples sometimes became contaminated with smallpox.
QUESTION 7: Why have science and technology been so important in improving thetreatment of illness since 1900?
You may use the following in your answer and any other information of your own.
1909: Salvarsan 606 discovered.
1958: Kidney dialysis became available at three hospitals in Britain.
1983: A drug was developed to prevent the body from rejecting transplants.
QUESTION 8: How much have hospitals changed since 1800?
You may use the following in your answer and any other information of your own.
The womens ward at the Middlesex Hospital, London, c1800.
QUESTION 9: How much impact did discoveries during the Renaissance periodhave on medicine? (12)
You may use the following in your answer and any other information of your own.
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Harvey published his book about the circulation of the blood in 1628.
In 1673 a Dutch scientist described bacteria which he had seen under a
microscope.
Many physicians used bloodletting and purging in the sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries.
THE 16 MARK QUESTION
Success Criteria:
Like a traditional essay
Introduction
PEA paragraphs
Balanced argument Clear conclusion and most important reason
QUESTION 1: How much did the role of government in public health change fromthe Roman period until c1350? Explain your answer.
You may use the following in your answer and any other information of your own.
A Roman system in London provided fresh water to several thousands ofpeople.
After 410AD, England became a number of rival kingdoms.
In 1345, the local authorities in London increased the fine for throwing litter inthe
street.
QUESTION 2: How much did the role of government in public health change duringthe period c1350c1850? Explain your answer.
You may use the following in your answer and any other information of your own.
In 1345, the local authorities in London increased the fine for throwing litter in
the street.
In 1611, King James I gave money to Hugh Myddletons project to bring waterfrom the River Ware to London.
1848: Public Health Act.
QUESTION 3: The Roman withdrawal from Britain was a turning point in medicineand public health. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
You may use the following in your answer and any other information of your own.
Roman villas in Britain usually had a good standard of hygiene. During the Anglo-Saxon period, collections of herbal remedies were
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known as Leechbooks.
In the Middle Ages medical training was based on Galens teachings.
QUESTIONN 4: How effective were the actions taken by governments and localauthorities to deal with the problems of epidemics in the period c1650c1900?
Explain your answer.
You may use the following in your answer and any other information of your own.
1665: The authorities in London ordered prayers to be said during a plague
epidemic.
1872: Compulsory vaccination against smallpox was enforced.
1875: A Public Health Act forced towns to appoint Health Inspectors.
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