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1
Modern Chemistry
Chapter 1
Matter and Changes
Sections 2 & 3
Matter and Its Properties
Elements
2
Ch
ap
te
r V
oc
ab
ula
ry
Mass
Matter
Atom
Element
Extensive property
Intensive property
Physical property
Physical change
Change of state
Solid, Liquid, Gas
Plasma Chemical property Chemical change Chemical reaction Reactant Product Group Family Period Metal Nonmetal Metalloid
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
3
Section 2
Matter and Its Properties
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
4
Matter and Mass
• Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)
• Mass - the measure of the amount of matter in an object (gives an object weight and inertial)
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
5
Is it matter?
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
6
Basic Building Blocks of Matter
• The smallest piece that still has the same chemical and physical properties
ELEMENT
pure substance
that is made of
one type of
atom
COMPOUND
a substance made
from two or more
elements that are
chemically bonded
SM
ALLE
ST
PIE
CE
SM
ALLE
ST
PIE
CE
ATOM MOLECULE
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
Molecule Models p
. 0
0
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
Element and Molecule Models
p. 6
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
10
Extensive & Intensive Properties
Extensive
depends on the amount of matter present
Example:
volume, mass, amount of energy in the substance
Intensive
doesn’t depends on the amount of matter present
Example:
melting point, density, ability to conduct electricity
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
11
Physical Properties
• a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance
• Examples
– melting point & boiling point
– state of matter
– color
– mass
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
12
States of Matter
• Solid
– has a definite volume and definite shape
– particles are close together in fixed positions
– particles vibrate
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
14
States of Matter
• Liquid
– has a definite volume but an indefinite shape
– particles are close together but can move past each other
– particles move more than particles in the solid state
Examples of liquids
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
18
States of Matter
• Gas
– has neither a definite volume nor definite shape
– expands to fill the container
– particles are distant from each other
– particles move rapidly
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
Water in Three States Image
P.
9*
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
States of Matter p
. 8
*
• Plasma
– a high temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons.
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
21
Physical Changes
• a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance
• Examples
– changes of state
– separation of mixtures
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
Separating Mixtures Video
Insert Visualizing Matter Disc 1 for file tv0217.mov and tvo2v18.mov
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
23
Changes of State
The substance does not turn into a different compound.
GAS
LIQUID
SOLID
boiling
melting
condensing
freezing
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
24
Chemical Properties
• a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances
• Examples
– ability to burn
– ability to oxidize
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
25
Chemical Change
• a change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances
• also know as a chemical reaction
• can be described with a chemical equation
• a chemical change does not affect the total amount of matter
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
Evidence of a Chemical Change
P.
9*
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
28
Chemical Change
carbon + oxygen carbon dioxide
reactants
yields
product(s)
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
Physical and Chemical
Properties Video
Insert Glencoe Disc 1 for file a01-1-19.mov
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
Comparison of Chemical and
Physical Properties
p. 1
0
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
31
Chemical or Physical Change? • Boiling
• Snow turning into water
• Perspiration evaporating
• A sugar substitute decomposing when heated
• Sodium metal in contact with chlorine, emitting a bright light and making sodium chloride (salt)
• Burning
• Grinding
PHYSICAL
PHYSICAL
PHYSICAL
CHEMICAL
CHEMICAL
PHYSICAL
CHEMICAL
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
32
Chemical or Physical Change? • Making ice cream from sugar and cream
• Dew forming on plants
• TNT exploding when heated
• Tearing
• Mixing
• Distillation
• Dissolving
• Electrolysis, breaking water into hydrogen and oxygen
PHYSICAL PHYSICAL
CHEMICAL
PHYSICAL
PHYSICAL
PHYSICAL
PHYSICAL
CHEMICAL
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
33
Energy and Changes in Matter
• Energy can be absorbed (endothermic) or released (exothermic) in a chemical or physical change.
• energy is not created or destroyed in any change
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
En
er
gy
an
d C
he
mic
al
Ch
an
ge
s A
nim
atio
n
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
Electrolysis of Water Image p
. 1
3
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
36
Make a Concept Map
Alloy
Compound
Element
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
Matter
Mixture
Pure Substance
Solution
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
Classification of Matter p
. 1
1
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
Classification of Matter
p. 1
1*
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
39
Classification of Matter
• Mixture – a blend of two or more kinds of matter each of which retains its identity and properties
• Heterogeneous Mixture – mixtures that are not uniform in composition
• Homogeneous Mixture – mixtures that are uniform in composition
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
Examples of Mixtures p
. 1
2*
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
41
Classification of Matter
• Solution – another name for a homogeneous mixture
• Pure Substance – has a fixed composition and exactly the same properties regardless of source
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
44
• Sodium chloride
• Sugar water
• Wood
• Nitrogen
• Water
• Iron
• Steel
• Carbon dioxide
Homogeneous, Heterogeneous,
Element or Compound COMPOUND
HOMOG.
HETEROG.
ELEMENT
COMPOUND
ELEMENT
HOMOG.
COMPOUND
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
45
Homogeneous, Heterogeneous,
Element or Compound • Methane
• Chlorine
• Ammonia
• Air
• Potting Soil
• Saline Solution
• Sucrose (sugar)
COMPOUND
ELEMENT
COMPOUND
HOMOG.
HETEROG.
HOMOG.
COMPOUND
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 6-14
Laboratory Chemicals and Purity
p. 1
4
Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its
Properties pages 4-16
47
Section 2 Homework
Chapter 1 Section 2 Worksheet
Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements
pages 16-20
48
Section 3
Elements
Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements
pages 16-20
The Periodic Table
26
Fe
Iron
55.847
[Ar] 3d64s2
Atomic Number
Symbol
Name
Average Atomic Mass
Electron Configuration
Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements
pages 16-20
John
Dalton’s
Symbols
of the
Elements
Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements
pages 16-20
Names of the Elements p
. 1
6
Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements
pages 16-20
53
Groups and Periods
• Groups/Families
– verticals columns of the periodic table
– similar reactivity
– elements have similar chemical and physical properties
• Periods/Series
– horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table
– elements do not have similar properties
Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements
pages 16-20
Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements
pages 16-20 p. 1
7
Regions of the Periodic Table N
OB
LE
GA
SE
S
Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements
pages 16-20
56
Metals
• good electrical conductors
• good conductor of heat
• solids at room temperature (except Hg)
• malleable – can be hammered or rolled into sheets
• ductile – can be drawn into fine wires
• high tensile strength – ability to resist breaking when stretched
• shiny luster
Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements
pages 16-20
Gold, Copper & Aluminum Images
p. 1
8
Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements
pages 16-20
58
Nonmetals
• most are gases at room temperature
• the solids are brittle
• poor conductor of heat and electricity
Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements
pages 16-20
Nonmetal Images
p. 1
9
(a) carbon, (b) sulfur, (c) phosphorus, and (d) iodine
Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements
pages 16-20
60
Metalloids
• between metals and non metals on the periodic table
• have characteristics of metals and nonmetals
• are solids at room temperature
• semiconductors of electricity
Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements
pages 16-20
Noble Gases
• Unreactive elements
• Gases at room temperature
Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements
pages 16-20
62
Section 3 Homework
Section Review Page 20 # 1-5
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