Matter and Changes - Edwardsville, IL · Basic Building Blocks of Matter ... Make a Concept Map Alloy Compound ... –horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table

1

Modern Chemistry

Chapter 1

Matter and Changes

Sections 2 & 3

Matter and Its Properties

Elements

2

Ch

ap

te

r V

oc

ab

ula

ry

Mass

Matter

Atom

Element

Extensive property

Intensive property

Physical property

Physical change

Change of state

Solid, Liquid, Gas

Plasma Chemical property Chemical change Chemical reaction Reactant Product Group Family Period Metal Nonmetal Metalloid

Chapter 1 Section 2 Matter and Its

Properties pages 6-14

3

Section 2

Matter and Its Properties



4

Matter and Mass

• Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)

• Mass - the measure of the amount of matter in an object (gives an object weight and inertial)



5

Is it matter?

http://www.amgmedia.com/freephotos/fire.jpg



6

Basic Building Blocks of Matter

• The smallest piece that still has the same chemical and physical properties

ELEMENT

pure substance

that is made of

one type of

atom

COMPOUND

a substance made

from two or more

elements that are

chemically bonded

SM

ALLE

ST

PIE

CE

SM

ALLE

ST

PIE

CE

ATOM MOLECULE



Molecule Models p

. 0

0



Element and Molecule Models

p. 6



10

Extensive & Intensive Properties

Extensive

depends on the amount of matter present

Example:

volume, mass, amount of energy in the substance

Intensive

doesn’t depends on the amount of matter present

Example:

melting point, density, ability to conduct electricity



11

Physical Properties

• a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance

• Examples

– melting point & boiling point

– state of matter

– color

– mass



12

States of Matter

• Solid

– has a definite volume and definite shape

– particles are close together in fixed positions

– particles vibrate



14

States of Matter

• Liquid

– has a definite volume but an indefinite shape

– particles are close together but can move past each other

– particles move more than particles in the solid state

Examples of liquids



18

States of Matter

• Gas

– has neither a definite volume nor definite shape

– expands to fill the container

– particles are distant from each other

– particles move rapidly



Water in Three States Image

P.

9*



States of Matter p

. 8

*

• Plasma

– a high temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons.



21

Physical Changes

• a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance

• Examples

– changes of state

– separation of mixtures



Separating Mixtures Video

Insert Visualizing Matter Disc 1 for file tv0217.mov and tvo2v18.mov

D:/REACTION/TV02V17.MOV

D:/REACTION/TV02V18.MOV



23

Changes of State

The substance does not turn into a different compound.

GAS

LIQUID

SOLID

boiling

melting

condensing

freezing



24

Chemical Properties

• a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances

• Examples

– ability to burn

– ability to oxidize



25

Chemical Change

• a change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances

• also know as a chemical reaction

• can be described with a chemical equation

• a chemical change does not affect the total amount of matter



Evidence of a Chemical Change

P.

9*



28

Chemical Change

carbon + oxygen carbon dioxide

reactants

yields

product(s)



Physical and Chemical

Properties Video

Insert Glencoe Disc 1 for file a01-1-19.mov

D:/MEDIA/MOVIES/A01-1-19.MOV



Comparison of Chemical and

Physical Properties

p. 1

0



31

Chemical or Physical Change? • Boiling

• Snow turning into water

• Perspiration evaporating

• A sugar substitute decomposing when heated

• Sodium metal in contact with chlorine, emitting a bright light and making sodium chloride (salt)

• Burning

• Grinding

PHYSICAL

PHYSICAL

PHYSICAL

CHEMICAL

CHEMICAL

PHYSICAL

CHEMICAL



32

Chemical or Physical Change? • Making ice cream from sugar and cream

• Dew forming on plants

• TNT exploding when heated

• Tearing

• Mixing

• Distillation

• Dissolving

• Electrolysis, breaking water into hydrogen and oxygen

PHYSICAL PHYSICAL

CHEMICAL

PHYSICAL

PHYSICAL

PHYSICAL

PHYSICAL

CHEMICAL



33

Energy and Changes in Matter

• Energy can be absorbed (endothermic) or released (exothermic) in a chemical or physical change.

• energy is not created or destroyed in any change



En

er

gy

an

d C

he

mic

al

Ch

an

ge

s A

nim

atio

n



Electrolysis of Water Image p

. 1

3



36

Make a Concept Map

Alloy

Compound

Element

Heterogeneous

Homogeneous

Matter

Mixture

Pure Substance

Solution



Classification of Matter p

. 1

1



Classification of Matter

p. 1

1*



39


• Mixture – a blend of two or more kinds of matter each of which retains its identity and properties

• Heterogeneous Mixture – mixtures that are not uniform in composition

• Homogeneous Mixture – mixtures that are uniform in composition



Examples of Mixtures p

. 1

2*



41


• Solution – another name for a homogeneous mixture

• Pure Substance – has a fixed composition and exactly the same properties regardless of source



44

• Sodium chloride

• Sugar water

• Wood

• Nitrogen

• Water

• Iron

• Steel

• Carbon dioxide

Homogeneous, Heterogeneous,

Element or Compound COMPOUND

HOMOG.

HETEROG.

ELEMENT

COMPOUND

ELEMENT

HOMOG.

COMPOUND



45

Homogeneous, Heterogeneous,

Element or Compound • Methane

• Chlorine

• Ammonia

• Air

• Potting Soil

• Saline Solution

• Sucrose (sugar)

COMPOUND

ELEMENT

COMPOUND

HOMOG.

HETEROG.

HOMOG.

COMPOUND



Laboratory Chemicals and Purity

p. 1

4



47

Section 2 Homework

Chapter 1 Section 2 Worksheet

Chapter 1 Section 3 Elements

pages 16-20

48

Section 3

Elements


pages 16-20

The Periodic Table

26

Fe

Iron

55.847

[Ar] 3d64s2

Atomic Number

Symbol

Name

Average Atomic Mass

Electron Configuration


pages 16-20

John

Dalton’s

Symbols

of the

Elements


pages 16-20

Names of the Elements p

. 1

6


pages 16-20

53

Groups and Periods

• Groups/Families

– verticals columns of the periodic table

– similar reactivity

– elements have similar chemical and physical properties

• Periods/Series

– horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table

– elements do not have similar properties


pages 16-20


pages 16-20 p. 1

7

Regions of the Periodic Table N

OB

LE

GA

SE

S


pages 16-20

56

Metals

• good electrical conductors

• good conductor of heat

• solids at room temperature (except Hg)

• malleable – can be hammered or rolled into sheets

• ductile – can be drawn into fine wires

• high tensile strength – ability to resist breaking when stretched

• shiny luster


pages 16-20

Gold, Copper & Aluminum Images

p. 1

8


pages 16-20

58

Nonmetals

• most are gases at room temperature

• the solids are brittle

• poor conductor of heat and electricity


pages 16-20

Nonmetal Images

p. 1

9

(a) carbon, (b) sulfur, (c) phosphorus, and (d) iodine


pages 16-20

60

Metalloids

• between metals and non metals on the periodic table

• have characteristics of metals and nonmetals

• are solids at room temperature

• semiconductors of electricity


pages 16-20

Noble Gases

• Unreactive elements

• Gases at room temperature


pages 16-20

62

Section 3 Homework

Section Review Page 20 # 1-5

Documents

Matter and Changes - Edwardsville, IL · Basic Building Blocks of Matter ... Make a Concept Map Alloy Compound ... –horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table