Manual of Structural KinesiologyThe Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle9-1 Chapter 9 The Hip Joint and...

The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle

Manual of Structural Kinesiology 9-1

Chapter 9The Hip Joint and Pelvic

GirdleManual of Structural Kinesiology

R.T. Floyd, EdD, ATC, CSCS

• Hip joint (acetabular femoral)– A relatively stable joint due to

• bony structure: ball and socket joint with a deep socket

• strong ligaments• large supportive muscles

Bones• Ball & socket joint

– Head of femur connecting with acetabulum of pelvic girdle

– Pelvic girdle • right & left pelvic bone

joined together posteriorly by sacrum

• pelvic bones are ilium, ischium, & pubis

– Femur• longest bone in body• Patella

– Sacrum• extension of spinal column with 5 fused

vertebrae• extending inferiorly is the _________

• Pelvic bone - divided into 3 areas– Upper two fifths = _______– Posterior & lower two fifths = ________– Anterior & lower one fifth = _______

Joints

• Anteriorly– Two pelvic bones join to

form symphysis pubis• Posteriorly

– Sacrum is between the 2 pelvic bones & forms the sacroiliac joints

– Strong ligaments unite these bones to form rigid, slightly movable joints

Joints

• Large & heavy bones covered by thick, heavy muscles

• Very minimal movements occur in sacroiliac joints, as in walking

• Body movements usually involve entire pelvic girdle & hip joints

• In walking, hip flexion & extension occur with pelvic girdle rotation, forward in hip flexion & backward in hip extension

Joints

• Jogging & running result in faster movements & greater range of movement

• Pelvic rotation increases the length of stride in running; in kicking it results in a greater distance or more speed to the kick

Movements

• Hip flexion– movement of femur

straight anteriorly toward pelvis

• Hip extension– movement of the femur

straight posteriorly away from the pelvis; sometimes referred to as hyperextension

Movements

• Hip abduction– movement of femur

laterally to side away from midline

• Hip adduction– movement of femur

medially toward midline

Movements

• Hip external rotation– rotary movement of femur

laterally around its longitudinal axis away from midline; lateral rotation

• Hip internal rotation– rotary movement of femur

medially around its longitudinal axis toward the midline; medial rotation

Movements

• Anterior pelvic rotation– anterior movement of upper

pelvis; iliac crest tilts forward in a sagittal plane; anterior tilt

• Posterior pelvic rotation– posterior movement of upper

pelvis; iliac crest tilts backward in a sagittal plane; posterior tilt

Iliopsoas MuscleExternal rotation

of femur Flexion

of hip

Transverse pelvic rotation contralaterally when ipsilateral femur is stabilized

Rectus Femoris Muscle

Flexion of hip

Extension of knee

Anterior pelvic rotation

Sartorius Muscle

External rotation of thigh as it flexes hip & knee

Flexion of knee

Flexion of hip

Abduction of hip

Adductor Brevis Muscle

Adduction of hip

External rotation as it adducts hip

Assists in flexion of hip

Adductor Longus Muscle

Adduction of hip

Assists in flexion of hip

Adductor Magnus Muscle

External rotation as hip adducts

Adduction of hip

Extension of hip

Gracilis Muscle

Adduction of hip

Weak flexion of knee

Internal rotation of hip

Assists with flexion of hip

Semitendinosus Muscle Flexion of knee

Extension of hip

Internal rotation of flexed knee

Posterior pelvic rotation

Semimembranosus Muscle Flexion of knee

Extension of hip

Internal rotation of flexed knee

Biceps Femoris Muscle Flexion of knee

Extension of hip

External rotation of hip

External rotation of flexed knee

Gluteus Maximus Muscle

Lower fibers assist in adduction

Upper fibers assist in abduction

Extension of hip

Gluteus Medius Muscle

External rotation & extension (posterior fibers)

Abduction of hip

Internal rotation & flexion (anterior fibers)

Tensor Fasciae Latae MuscleAbduction of hip

Flexion of hip

Tendency to rotate hip internally as it flexes

Six Deep Lateral Rotator Muscles

Piriformis, Gemellus superior, Gemellus inferior,Obturator externus, Obturator internus, Quadratus femoris

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