Magic Sheet (Grammar) - Old English Aerobicsoldenglishaerobics.net/resources/magic_letter.pdf ·...

NounsStrong Weak

u-stemAthe-maticMasc.

Neut. Fem.Masc. Neut. Fem.

Short Long Short Long

N. sg.stān scip þing

ġiefu sorg namaēage

tungesunu mann

A.

ġiefe sorge naman tunganG. stānes scipes þingesēagan suna

mannes

D. stāne scipe þinge menn

N/A pl. stānas scipu þingġiefa sorga

naman ēagan tungansuna

menn

G. stāna scipa þinga namena ēagena tungena manna

D. stānum scipum þingum ġiefum sorgum namum ēagum tungum sunum mannum

Demonstrative Pronouns“the,” “that,” “those” “this,” “these”

Masc. Neut. Fem. Masc. Neut. Fem.

N. sg. seþæt

sēo þesþis

þēos

A. þone þā þisne þās

G. þæs

þǣre

þissesþisse, þisre

D. þām, þǣm þissum

I. þȳ, þon þȳs

N/A pl. þā þās

G. þāra, þǣra þissa, þisra

D. þām, þǣm þissum

Personal Pronouns

Sg. Dual Pl.Third Person

Masc. Neut. Fem.

N.

1st pers.

iċ wit wē

Sg.

hēhit

hēo

A.mē, mec unc ūs hine hīe,

hī, hȳ

G. mīn uncer ūre hishire

D. mē unc ūs him

N.

2nd pers.

þū ġit ġe

Pl.

hīe, hī, hȳA.

þē, þec inc ēow

G. þīn incer ēower hira

D. þē inc ēow him

Verbs

StrongWeak 1

Weak 2 Pret. Pres. “to be”Short Long

Infinitive helpan fremman hǣlan lufian witan wesan bēon

Inflected Infinitive

tō helpanne

tō fremmanne

tō hǣlanne

tō lufianne

tō witanne tō bēonne

Pres. Part. helpende fremmende hǣlende lufiende witende wesende bēonde

Past Part. holpen fremed hǣled lufod

Imperative help freme hǣl lufa wite wes bēo

Indicative

Pres. 1 sg. helpe fremme hǣle lufie wāt eom bēo

Pres. 2 sg. hilpst fremest hǣlst lufast wāst eart bist

Pres. 3 sg. hilpð fremeð hǣlð lufað wāt is bið

Pres. pl. helpað fremmað hǣlað lufiað witon sind(on) bēoð

Past 1, 3 sg. healp fremede hǣlde lufode wisse, -ste wæs

Past 2 sg. hulpe fremedest hǣldest lufodest wistest wǣre

Past pl. hulpon fremedon hǣldon lufodon wisson, -ston wǣron

Subjunctive

Pres. sg. helpe fremme hǣle lufie wite sīe bēo

Pres. pl. helpen fremmen hǣlen lufien witen sīen bēon

Past sg. hulpe fremede hǣlde lufode wisse, -ste wǣre

Past pl. hulpen fremeden hǣlden lufoden wissen, -sten wǣren

Classes of Strong VerbsInfinitive Third pers. sg. First past Second past Past part.

1 wrītan wrītt wrāt writon writen

2a ċēosan ċīest ċēas curon coren

2b lūcan lȳcð lēac lucon locen

3a singan singð sang sungon sungen

3b helpan hilpð healp hulpon holpen

3c hweorfan hwierfð hwearf hwurfon hworfen

4a stelan stilð stæl stǣlon stolen

4b niman nimð nam nōmon numen

5 sprecan spricð spræc sprǣcon sprecen

6 bacan bæcð bōc bōcon bacen

7a hātan hǣtt hēt hēton hāten

7b flōwan flēwð flēow flēowon flōwen

AdjectivesStrong Weak

Masc.Neut. Fem.

Masc. Neut. Fem.Short Long Short Long

N. sg. hwæthwæt gōd

hwatu gōd gōdagōde

gōde

A. hwætne hwate gōde gōdan gōdan

G. hwætes gōdes

hwætre gōdre gōdanD. hwatum gōdum

I. hwate gōde

N/A pl. hwate hwatu, -e gōd, -e hwata, -e gōda, -e gōdan

G. hwatra gōdra hwatra gōdra gōdra, gōdena

D. hwatum gōdum hwatum gōdum gōdum

Interrogative Pronouns

Masc., Fem. Neut.

hwāhwæthwone,

hwæne

hwæs

hwām, hwǣm

hwȳ, hwon

The Magic Sheet3rd ed.

Copyright © 2016by Peter S. Baker

A supplement to Peter S. Baker, Introduction to Old English, 3rd ed. (Wiley-Blackwell, 2012).