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Leakage and Catchment Leakage and Catchment Management from the Utility Management from the Utility
PerspectivePerspective
Water Resource Efficiency, CopenhagenFriday 17 June 2011
Dr Jim MarshallPolicy and Business Adviser, Water UK
Expert, Eureau Commission 1
22
ContentsContents
•About Water UK and Eureau
•Making the link
•Catchment management
•Leakage
•Discussion points
333
Water UKWater UK
•Water UK is the industry association that represents UK statutory water and wastewater operators at national and European level.
•Bring people together to create better policies for the future of water
•Small team of 7 policy staff plus support
EUREAU
• European federation of national associations of drinking water suppliers and waste water services
• Provides sustainable water services to around 405 million European citizens
• Reflects the full diversity of the European water services sector
55
English Regulatory Structure
DWI
CC Water
EAEA / Natural England
Defra (lead govt
dept)Sewerage
Ofwat
Abstraction / storage
Distribution
ALSO:
Health Protection Agency
Environmental Health Officers
HSE
Civil Contingencies
66
Making best use of scare Making best use of scare resourceresource
• Reducing the water we take from abstraction• Increasing resources available for drinking
water
• Sustainability is driving the water industry – range of tools to manage the water that we have and the water we will have in the future
• Better resource management will mean more water available for all users with less carbon impact
77
Catchment ManagementCatchment Management
•Working with local farmers and landowners to take actions to protect groundwater and surface waters
•Benefit in that less material enters raw waters results in less treatment / purification by water utilities
•About establishing better ways of working – show benefits to all users / financial incentives
•Requires new ways of working by all stakeholders and regulators
88
Catchment management and UK govt aspirations
•Recently launched Defra White Paper on the Natural Environment:•Aims to set out a case for valuing the “public
goods” that the environment provides – water, soil and air
•White Paper talks of paying for environmental services by beneficiaries•Catchment management – work of water
companies and farmers seen as exemplar
99
Regulatory issues still to be worked out
•Approach clearly supported by drinking water and environmental regulators
•100+schemes funded in the current price setting period (£50m capital, £7.5m opex)
•Legally binding with monitoring and reporting requirements
•Proving effectiveness is key challenge – identifying benefits from catchment management v natural variation
•Key is working together – regulators / water companies – Catchment Management Forum
1010
1111
Example – MetaldehydeExample – Metaldehyde
•First detected in 2007 – applied by farmers in pellet form to control slugs and snails
•Metaldehyde Stewardship Group established (http://www.pelletsarepesticides.co.uk/)
•Providing best practice and guidance – practical advise•Sharing information, assessing effectiveness of control
measures, working with all stakeholders
•Decrease in concentrations seen – result of best practice or just a result of poor climate conditions for slugs
1212
1313
1414
Leakage – what is it?Leakage – what is it?
•Leakage is water lost from pipes transporting water – either as a result of older pipes that crack or hole or as a result of failure at joints / fittings
•Water lost from system is not lost from the environment•But maybe not where its needed, when its needed
•Management of leakage is therefore primarily economic rather than environmental•Saving costs / carbon of lost water new resources
1515
What is leakage ~2
•Emotive issue
•Concept of Economic Level of Leakage – ie fixing leaks if the cost of doing so is less than the cost of the water lost
•Sustainable does not mean zero leakage but minimised leakage
•Not an absolute measure – based on assumptions and estimates
• Metering and smart metering may improve data
1616
Methods of leakage control
Speed and quality of
repair
Active Leakage Detection
Pressure Management
Infrastructure Renewal
Leakage
1717
1818
Influences on Leakage
1919
Holistic view of Supply/Demand
Leakage Target
Supply/Demand Balance
Water Use Model
Water UseTarget
Practical Achievement
and Cost
Leakage Model
ExternalInfluence
Water Abstracted
ExternalInfluence
ExternalInfluence
ExternalInfluence
Apparent LossTarget
Apparent Loss Model
©Trow/Pearson
Practical Achievement
and Cost
2020
Eureau on leakageEureau on leakage
•Eureau developing a leakage position paper – hopefully agreed this summer
•About identifying that addressing leakage is a key part of sustainably managing supplies – just one of the tools to do this
•Leakage measurement should be based on international frameworks – taking account of environmental, social and economic factors - such as the IWA Water Balance model
•Leakage should be assessed locally at member state level taking account of regional factors
2121
Discussion pointsDiscussion points
•Paying farmers to prevent pollution – where / who / how? WFD establishes a Polluter Pays Principle – is catchment management a pay the polluter or is it a pollution prevention? Can CAP help?
•Leakage reduction is just part of a reduction of wastage. Water efficiency and water re-use (domestic and commercial) have a role. But should leakage be assessed on economic terms alone – how far can economics go in determining the true cost of leakage to the environment and society?
• Innovation – catchment management is exemplar of innovation, leakage detection and reduction is innovative – what else can be done?
Example dataExample data
Wessex WaterWessex Water
MetaldehydeMetaldehyde
Durleigh Reservoir Metaldehyde
• Intensive catchment visits (Wessex Water and EA)
• Monitoring
• Financial contributions to farmers switching to non-metaldehyde molluscicides (e.g. Sluxx)
Durleigh Metaldehyde
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
01 S
ep 0
801
Oct
08
31 O
ct 0
830
No
v 08
31 D
ec 0
8
30 J
an 0
901
Mar
09
31 M
ar 0
9
01 M
ay 0
931
May
09
30 J
un
09
30 J
ul
09
30 A
ug
09
29 S
ep 0
9
29 O
ct 0
928
No
v 09
29 D
ec 0
9
28 J
an 1
027
Feb
10
29 M
ar 1
0
29 A
pr
10
29 M
ay 1
028
Ju
n 1
0
28 J
ul
1028
Au
g 1
027
Sep
10
27 O
ct 1
026
No
v 10
27 D
ec 1
0
26 J
an 1
125
Feb
11
27 M
ar 1
1
27 A
pr
11
Met
ald
ehyd
e (u
g/l
)
Pesticide PCV level (0.1 μg/l)
Active Catchment Management
What works best? Wessex / Wagrico / ADAS
• Wessex Water approach was of voluntary engagement
• 2005 – 2008 WAgriCo project – EA/NFU/ADAS/WW
– Eight Wessex Water catchments
– Payments to farmers to do different measures
– Fertiliser spreading
– Cover crops
Example dataExample data
Severn Trent Water Severn Trent Water
NitratesNitrates
The Problem
• Winter peaks in 2000, 2003 and 2004• NO3 spike up to 90 mg/l in 2003/4• NO3 spike up to 50 mg/l in 2000
Rufford NO3 Concentrations
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
01/01/1980 01/01/1984 01/01/1988 01/01/1992 01/01/1996 01/01/2000 01/01/2004 01/01/2008 01/01/2012
Date
NO
3 m
g/l
BH3 BH4 BH5
WHY.......
• Investigation showed the peaks to be cyclical,
• Related to the rearing of pigs in fields adjacent to the boreholes.
• Pigs managed in 4 blocks with pigs being in 1 block every 2 in 8 years.
• The fields around the BH make up 1 block
• Pigs were in the fields next to the BHs in 2000, 2001, 2004 and at their most intensive (weaners) 1998 - 2000
High nitrates due to pigs in adjacent fields
WHAT was done…
• Initially a new nitrate treatment plant was installed, enabling STW to abide by Drinking Water Standards.
• Due to this being a costly solution, STW started looking into alternative solutions so that they could:– Cut operating cost– Reduce the need for replacement treatment plants in the future
• The solution chosen was based on Catchment Management…
• The STW Catchment Management team worked with Catchment Sensitive Farming (CSF) and Natural England to organise a meeting with the relevant farmer.
• Worked with the farmer to move pigs from adjacent fields.• Farmer was compensated through EU agricultural environment land
payment scheme.• He has now entered into a 10 year HLS agreement to put fields to pasture
with field buffer strips and management for bees and flowers.
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