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Lasers and Laser Research at KFUPM
SAICSC-ACS
Technical Seminar
Zain YamaniKFUPM-Physics
22-8-142626-9-2005
Plan
1. Introduction
• What lasers are
• What their properties are
2.Laser applications (in general)
3.Laser Research at KFUPM
4.Conclusions
Introduction
LASER is an acronym for:
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission Radiation
Lasers were first invents in the late 1950s’around 1958
Introduction
Three level laser (applet)
Properties of Laser
Highly Directional
Highly Directional High Intensity (albeit not high power!!)
Let’s do a rough calculation.. how much light power falls on a door knob 10 meters away from a hand held (5 milli-watt)
laser, and compare it to that due to a 100 watt lamp.
Monochromaticity
Laser line width ~< 1 GHz ~millionth of spectral width of visible light (or better)
Properties of Laser
Coherence
Properties of Laser
Laser can be ‘ideally’ focused high.. high.. high intensity!!
Repetitive short pulses
average power = repetition rate x pulse width x peak power
1 watt
Time (s)
10 ns ???
1/10 2/100/10
Po
we
r (M
eg
a-W
att
)
Note:
pulse width not drawn to scale
10 Hz
Properties of Laser
Laser Applications
Medical Applications
Communications
Construction
Cutting and Welding
Security and “Defense”
Environmental Applications
Atomic Spectroscopy
Cutting Welding
click here
Laser Applications
Laser Applications
Laser Applications
Laser Research @ KFUPM
CAPS
• Research using laser technology • Technical and educational services
• Training of graduate and undergraduate students
Laser Research @ KFUPM
Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR)
Supersonic Jet Spectroscopy
Molecular Dynamics
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)
Desulphurization
Photo-Induced Chemistry
Photo-acoustics
Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS)
• The problem: oil dumping in the sea
• The need: know which ship dumps the oil
• The solution :fingerprint oils using remote sensing technique (US patent # 6,633,043)
Spectral Fingerprints of neat Saudi Marketed Crude Oils Using the
Patented Technique
- 5 0 5 1 0
S uper L igh t E xtra L ight L ight M edium H eavy
T im e (ns)
300
350
400
450
500
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
1 5T im e (ns) T im e (ns) T im e (ns) T im e (ns)
-0 .2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.81.92.0
Oil Fingerprinting (spectroscopy)
Dr. Hegazi
SignalProcessor
YAG Laser Dye Laser
Doubling Crystal
1062nm 532nm 560nm
Doubling Crystal
Crude OilSample
CollectingLens
ResultingFluorescence
PC
Monochromator
Photomultiplier
Mirror
Mirror
TriggerSignal
280 nm
Schematic diagram of the setup
Oil Fingerprinting (spectroscopy)
-50 0 50 100 150Tim e (ns) * 10
300
350
400
450
500
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
-50 0 50 100 150Tim e (ns) * 10
300
350
400
450
500
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
(a1) (b1) (c1)
(a2) (b2) (c2)
Arabian Extra Light Crude Oil
Arabian LightCrude Oil
Oil Fingerprinting (spectroscopy)
• S. Aramco R&D• Deliberations• Contract (2 years)• Implementation of
project (build fingerprint database of oils + build a finished product)
• Progress (Phase 1)
- 5 0 5 1 0
S uper L ight E xtra L ight L ight M edium H eavy
1 5Tim e (ns)
300
350
400
450
500
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
T im e (ns) T im e (ns) T im e(ns) T im e (ns)
-0 .2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.80.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
Next generation of the technique: enhanced fingerprints for weathered oils
Fingerprints of the same crude oils after seawater weathering
- 5 0 5 1 0
Tim e (ns)
300
350
400
450
500
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
)
- 5 0 5 1 0
Tim e (ns)
- 5 0 5 1 0
Tim e (ns)
- 5 0 5 1 0
Tim e (ns)
-0 .2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.8
VI = 116 VI = 110 VI = 106 VI = 97
Oil Fingerprinting (spectroscopy)
Thin Films (sensors)
• Thin films gas sensors
• energy saving applications
• thin films thermal switches
• optics
Dr. Ayub et. al.
Energy Saving
Applications
Applications
Thin Films (sensors)
DE-COKING OF COKED CATALYSTS
Glass tube
ComputerDrive
Monochromator
Computer
Box carAverager
Lens
PMT
PMT Power Supply
VacuumPump
GasCylinder
Pressure gauge
Catalyst
Stainless steel cross
DC High Voltage Power SupplyAnode
Cathode
Read V
Read I
Dr. Al-Jalal & Dr. Khan
Photo-induced Chemistry Methane Cracking
• The problem: methane utilization and transportation; hydrogen production
• The need: transform methane into ethane and higher hydrocarbons plus hydrogen Dr. Gondal et. al.
Photo-induced Chemistry Methane Cracking
2.75
2.85
2.95
3.05
3.15
3.25
3.35
3.45
3.55
6550 6560 6570 6580
Wavelength (A)
Inte
nsit
y (
A.U
.)
M. A. Gondal, Z. H. Yamani, M. A. Ali, A. Al-Arfaj and M. A. Dastageer (2003) “Method for the
conversion of methane into C2 and higher hydrocarbons using UV laser” US PTO,
September 3, 2003, Application # 10/653,055
Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS)
BOXCAR
Nd:YAG Laser
M onochrom ator
Lense
Trig
ger to
bo
xcar
D ichroic Mirror
Gas inlet
Pressure Guage
Laser Pow er Meter
Gas Outlet
PM
T
Signal to Boxcar
SRS Signal
Beam Dum pUV filter UV W indow
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000W avenum ber from Excitation (cm -1)
29
15
58
30
82
09
87
45
92
48
95
08
97
44
11
27
91
14
39
11
66
0
12
81
4
13
17
91
34
17
14
34
9
2915 cm -12915 cm -12915 cm -1
1535 cm -1 1535 cm -1 1535 cm -1 1535 cm -1
14000 16000 18000 20000 22000 24000 26000
W ave num ber (cm -1)
Rel
ativ
e In
ten
sity
25
25
4 c
m-1
22
33
9 c
m-1
19
96
0 c
m-1
19
42
4 c
m-1
18
42
5 c
m-1
16
89
0 c
m-1
16
50
9 c
m-1
15
35
5 c
m-1
13
82
0 c
m-1
18
92
1 c
m-1
18
66
1 c
m-1
16
73
0 c
m-1
14
99
0 c
m-1
14
75
2 c
m-1
(a)
(b)
(c)
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)
Detour
Atmospheric pollution monitoring (LIDAR)
Another Detour
I am sure I have all the time in the world, left!
Is there time for just one joke?
Conclusion
I hope I have been able to stimulate your interest in knowing more about lasers and laser research at KFUPM.
Much more than ‘can’ be done when more scientists become active in the field.
Researchers at CAPS welcome collaborative projects and/ or exchange of experience or ideas
Basic and Applied Research is being conducted at CAPS in the fields of spectroscopy, environmental protection, petro-chemistry, thin films ...etc.
Acknowledgments
I acknowledge my past and current colleagues including professors Gondal, Al-Adel, Klein, Dr. Hameed, Mr. Hussain, Mr. Mastromarino, Mr. Dastageer and the rest of the CAPS team.
KFUPM is gratefully acknowledged for its continuous support.
Acknowledgments
wa assalam alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh!!
Thank you for your attention..
Laser Applications
Construction and civil engineering
Laser pointer and laser level
Lasers used in Medical applications:
• CO2 Laser
• Nd YAG Laser
• Ar+ Laser
• Dye Laser
Laser Applications
What’s special about using lasers in medicine?
عالج و الليزرالسرطان
التهاب و الليزرالرحم
المسالك و الليزرالبوليRة
النزيف و الليزرالمعوي
األذن جراحة و الليزر
Laser Applications
في و االتصاالت مجال في الليزر تطبيقاتقراءتها و المعلومات االتصاالت تخزين مجال في optical)الليزر
communication (:
في أو �ة البصرّي األلياف طرّيق عن إما! الطلق الهواء
Laser Applications
Laser Applications
األقراص في المعلومات تخزين و الليزر):CD&DVDالمدمجة )
: المدمجة األقراص �زات مي
1! عالية- المعلومات كثافة
المعلومة- 2 تحصيل سرعة
و- 3 ميكانيكيRة، ة Rمماس هناك ليسالقرص ينهك ال بالتالي
ال- 4 فهو التخزين، عند االحتياط يلزم الال و المغناطيسيRة بالمجاالت يتأثر
( الماء ) أو بالرطوبة
Laser Applications
بالليزر ) المعلومات laser bar codeقراءة
scanners:(
Laser Applications
الثنائي النظامالبسيط
5من 2النظام
للمنتوجات العالمي النظام)UPC)
Laser Applications
Laser Applications
Laser Applications
Why use a laser in compact disks?
Laser Applications
Photo-induced Chemistry Methane Cracking
4000 5000 6000 7000 8000W avelength (A)
Rel
ativ
e In
tens
ity
SRS
SRS
SRS
SRS
SRS
CH2
HH2
CH
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