Lasers and Laser Research at KFUPM

SAICSC-ACS

Technical Seminar

Zain YamaniKFUPM-Physics

22-8-142626-9-2005

Plan

1. Introduction

• What lasers are

• What their properties are

2.Laser applications (in general)

3.Laser Research at KFUPM

4.Conclusions

Introduction

LASER is an acronym for:

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission Radiation

Lasers were first invents in the late 1950s’around 1958

Introduction

Three level laser (applet)

Properties of Laser

Highly Directional

Highly Directional High Intensity (albeit not high power!!)

Let’s do a rough calculation.. how much light power falls on a door knob 10 meters away from a hand held (5 milli-watt)

laser, and compare it to that due to a 100 watt lamp.

Monochromaticity

Laser line width ~< 1 GHz ~millionth of spectral width of visible light (or better)

Properties of Laser

Coherence

Properties of Laser

Laser can be ‘ideally’ focused high.. high.. high intensity!!

Repetitive short pulses

average power = repetition rate x pulse width x peak power

1 watt

Time (s)

10 ns ???

1/10 2/100/10

Po

we

r (M

eg

a-W

att

)

Note:

pulse width not drawn to scale

10 Hz

Properties of Laser

Laser Applications

Medical Applications

Communications

Construction

Cutting and Welding

Security and “Defense”

Environmental Applications

Atomic Spectroscopy

Cutting Welding

click here

Laser Applications

Laser Applications

Laser Applications

Laser Research @ KFUPM

CAPS

• Research using laser technology • Technical and educational services

• Training of graduate and undergraduate students

Laser Research @ KFUPM

Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR)

Supersonic Jet Spectroscopy

Molecular Dynamics

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)

Desulphurization

Photo-Induced Chemistry

Photo-acoustics

Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS)

• The problem: oil dumping in the sea

• The need: know which ship dumps the oil

• The solution :fingerprint oils using remote sensing technique (US patent # 6,633,043)

Spectral Fingerprints of neat Saudi Marketed Crude Oils Using the

Patented Technique

- 5 0 5 1 0

S uper L igh t E xtra L ight L ight M edium H eavy

T im e (ns)

300

350

400

450

500

Wav

elen

gth

(nm

)

1 5T im e (ns) T im e (ns) T im e (ns) T im e (ns)

-0 .2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.81.92.0

Oil Fingerprinting (spectroscopy)

Dr. Hegazi

SignalProcessor

YAG Laser Dye Laser

Doubling Crystal

1062nm 532nm 560nm

Doubling Crystal

Crude OilSample

CollectingLens

ResultingFluorescence

PC

Monochromator

Photomultiplier

Mirror

Mirror

TriggerSignal

280 nm

Schematic diagram of the setup

Oil Fingerprinting (spectroscopy)

-50 0 50 100 150Tim e (ns) * 10

300

350

400

450

500

Wav

elen

gth

(nm

)

-50 0 50 100 150Tim e (ns) * 10

300

350

400

450

500

Wav

elen

gth

(nm

)

(a1) (b1) (c1)

(a2) (b2) (c2)

Arabian Extra Light Crude Oil

Arabian LightCrude Oil

Oil Fingerprinting (spectroscopy)

• S. Aramco R&D• Deliberations• Contract (2 years)• Implementation of

project (build fingerprint database of oils + build a finished product)

• Progress (Phase 1)

- 5 0 5 1 0

S uper L ight E xtra L ight L ight M edium H eavy

1 5Tim e (ns)

300

350

400

450

500

Wav

elen

gth

(nm

)

T im e (ns) T im e (ns) T im e(ns) T im e (ns)

-0 .2

-0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.80.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

2.0

Next generation of the technique: enhanced fingerprints for weathered oils

Fingerprints of the same crude oils after seawater weathering

- 5 0 5 1 0

Tim e (ns)

300

350

400

450

500

Wav

elen

gth

(nm

)

- 5 0 5 1 0

Tim e (ns)

- 5 0 5 1 0

Tim e (ns)

- 5 0 5 1 0

Tim e (ns)

-0 .2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.8

VI = 116 VI = 110 VI = 106 VI = 97

Oil Fingerprinting (spectroscopy)

Thin Films (sensors)

• Thin films gas sensors

• energy saving applications

• thin films thermal switches

• optics

Dr. Ayub et. al.

Energy Saving

Applications

Applications

Thin Films (sensors)

DE-COKING OF COKED CATALYSTS

Glass tube

ComputerDrive

Monochromator

Computer

Box carAverager

Lens

PMT

PMT Power Supply

VacuumPump

GasCylinder

Pressure gauge

Catalyst

Stainless steel cross

DC High Voltage Power SupplyAnode

Cathode

Read V

Read I

Dr. Al-Jalal & Dr. Khan

Photo-induced Chemistry Methane Cracking

• The problem: methane utilization and transportation; hydrogen production

• The need: transform methane into ethane and higher hydrocarbons plus hydrogen Dr. Gondal et. al.

Photo-induced Chemistry Methane Cracking

2.75

2.85

2.95

3.05

3.15

3.25

3.35

3.45

3.55

6550 6560 6570 6580

Wavelength (A)

Inte

nsit

y (

A.U

.)

M. A. Gondal, Z. H. Yamani, M. A. Ali, A. Al-Arfaj and M. A. Dastageer (2003) “Method for the

conversion of methane into C2 and higher hydrocarbons using UV laser” US PTO,

September 3, 2003, Application # 10/653,055

Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS)

BOXCAR

Nd:YAG Laser

M onochrom ator

Lense

Trig

ger to

bo

xcar

D ichroic Mirror

Gas inlet

Pressure Guage

Laser Pow er Meter

Gas Outlet

PM

T

Signal to Boxcar

SRS Signal

Beam Dum pUV filter UV W indow

2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000W avenum ber from Excitation (cm -1)

29

15

58

30

82

09

87

45

92

48

95

08

97

44

11

27

91

14

39

11

66

0

12

81

4

13

17

91

34

17

14

34

9

2915 cm -12915 cm -12915 cm -1

1535 cm -1 1535 cm -1 1535 cm -1 1535 cm -1

14000 16000 18000 20000 22000 24000 26000

W ave num ber (cm -1)

Rel

ativ

e In

ten

sity

25

25

4 c

m-1

22

33

9 c

m-1

19

96

0 c

m-1

19

42

4 c

m-1

18

42

5 c

m-1

16

89

0 c

m-1

16

50

9 c

m-1

15

35

5 c

m-1

13

82

0 c

m-1

18

92

1 c

m-1

18

66

1 c

m-1

16

73

0 c

m-1

14

99

0 c

m-1

14

75

2 c

m-1

(a)

(b)

(c)

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)

Detour

Atmospheric pollution monitoring (LIDAR)

Another Detour

I am sure I have all the time in the world, left!

Is there time for just one joke?

Conclusion

I hope I have been able to stimulate your interest in knowing more about lasers and laser research at KFUPM.

Much more than ‘can’ be done when more scientists become active in the field.

Researchers at CAPS welcome collaborative projects and/ or exchange of experience or ideas

Basic and Applied Research is being conducted at CAPS in the fields of spectroscopy, environmental protection, petro-chemistry, thin films ...etc.

Acknowledgments

I acknowledge my past and current colleagues including professors Gondal, Al-Adel, Klein, Dr. Hameed, Mr. Hussain, Mr. Mastromarino, Mr. Dastageer and the rest of the CAPS team.

KFUPM is gratefully acknowledged for its continuous support.

Acknowledgments

wa assalam alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh!!

Thank you for your attention..

Laser Applications

Construction and civil engineering

Laser pointer and laser level

Lasers used in Medical applications:

• CO2 Laser

• Nd YAG Laser

• Ar+ Laser

• Dye Laser

Laser Applications

What’s special about using lasers in medicine?

عالج و الليزرالسرطان

التهاب و الليزرالرحم

المسالك و الليزرالبوليRة

النزيف و الليزرالمعوي

األذن جراحة و الليزر

Laser Applications

في و االتصاالت مجال في الليزر تطبيقاتقراءتها و المعلومات االتصاالت تخزين مجال في optical)الليزر

communication (:

في أو �ة البصرّي األلياف طرّيق عن إما! الطلق الهواء

Laser Applications

Laser Applications

األقراص في المعلومات تخزين و الليزر):CD&DVDالمدمجة )

: المدمجة األقراص �زات مي

1! عالية- المعلومات كثافة

المعلومة- 2 تحصيل سرعة

و- 3 ميكانيكيRة، ة Rمماس هناك ليسالقرص ينهك ال بالتالي

ال- 4 فهو التخزين، عند االحتياط يلزم الال و المغناطيسيRة بالمجاالت يتأثر

( الماء ) أو بالرطوبة

Laser Applications

بالليزر ) المعلومات laser bar codeقراءة

scanners:(

Laser Applications

الثنائي النظامالبسيط

5من 2النظام

للمنتوجات العالمي النظام)UPC)

Laser Applications

Laser Applications

Laser Applications

Why use a laser in compact disks?

Laser Applications

Photo-induced Chemistry Methane Cracking

4000 5000 6000 7000 8000W avelength (A)

Rel

ativ

e In

tens

ity

SRS

SRS

SRS

SRS

SRS

CH2

HH2

CH