Laboratory Skills - Pedersen Science - Pedersen Science

Preview:

Citation preview

Laboratory Skills Chapter 2: Background

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 2

Laboratory Safety

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

– Glasses vs. goggles

– Gloves

– Lab coat

– Face shields

Safety cabinets

Location and function of

– Gas shutoffs

– Fire extinguishers

– Fire blankets

– Eyewash/shower

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 3

Laboratory Notebooks

Importance of

recording actual

data as it happens

Format

Purpose

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 4

Laboratory Notebooks

What to include

– Numbered

procedures

– Tables

– Calculations with all

math and units

displayed

– Sketches, model

numbers, etc.

– Signatures

– To and from pages

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 5

Equipment

Graduated cylinders

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 6

Equipment

Volumetric flasks

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 7

Equipment

Serological pipets

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 8

Equipment

Pipet pumps

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 9

Equipment

Transfer pipets

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 10

Equipment

Burette

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 11

Equipment

Adjustable-volume micropipets

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 12

Equipment

Erlenmeyer flask

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 13

Equipment

Reagent bottles

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 14

Equipment

Triple beam balance

Photo courtesy of Ohaus Corporation

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 15

Equipment

Electronic balance

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 16

Using an Electronic Balance

Play video: Using an Electronic Balance

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 17

Equipment

Weigh boats

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 18

Equipment

pH meters

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 19

Using a pH Meter

Play video: Using a pH Meter

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 20

Equipment

Autoclave

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 21

Washing Glassware

Add small amount of laboratory soap and use a brush

to make sure all surfaces are washed

Rinse with tap water until no suds are evident,

usually at least 3 times

Rinse twice with distilled water

Air-dry or use oven to dry

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 22

Labeling

Name of solution

Concentration

Date made

Name of person who

made it

Potential hazards if

necessary

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 23

Hazards

Universal

hazards

label

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 24

Significant Figures

Rule 1: The number of significant figures is the

number of digits to the right of the first non-zero

number.

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 25

Significant Figures

Rule 2: When adding or subtracting numbers, the

resulting numbers cannot have any more significant

figures to the right of the decimal point than any value

used in the calculation.

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 26

Significant Figures

Rule 3: When multiplying or dividing numbers, the

answer cannot have any more significant figures than

the value in the calculation with the fewest significant

figures.

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 27

Scientific Notation

Shorthand method

to display numbers

that convey their

level of precision

Uses a number

that is multiplied by

10 raised to a

positive or

negative number

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 28

Units of Measure

Metric prefixes and suffixes

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 29

Preparing Solutions

Percent solutions

– Mass per Volume (m/v)

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 30

Preparing Solutions

Percent solutions

– Volume per Volume (v/v)

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 31

Preparing Solutions

Dilutions

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 32

Preparing Solutions

Molar solutions

– Proportional method

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 33

Preparing Solutions

Molar solutions

– Unit cancellation method

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 34

Diluting Molar Solutions

Molar dilutions

Biotechnology: A Laboratory Skills Course | explorer.bio-rad.com 35

Chapter 2 Summary

Safety

• PPE

• Equipment and Locations

Equipment

• Containers

• Uses

Numbers and Accuracy

• Significant Figures

• Scientific Notation

Making Solutions

• Molar Solutions

• Dilutions

Recommended