Laboratory Skills - Pedersen Science - Pedersen Science

Laboratory Skills Chapter 2: Background

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Laboratory Safety

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

– Glasses vs. goggles

– Gloves

– Lab coat

– Face shields

Safety cabinets

Location and function of

– Gas shutoffs

– Fire extinguishers

– Fire blankets

– Eyewash/shower


Laboratory Notebooks

Importance of

recording actual

data as it happens

Format

Purpose


Laboratory Notebooks

What to include

– Numbered

procedures

– Tables

– Calculations with all

math and units

displayed

– Sketches, model

numbers, etc.

– Signatures

– To and from pages


Equipment

Graduated cylinders


Equipment

Volumetric flasks


Equipment

Serological pipets


Equipment

Pipet pumps


Equipment

Transfer pipets


Equipment

Burette


Equipment

Adjustable-volume micropipets


Equipment

Erlenmeyer flask


Equipment

Reagent bottles


Equipment

Triple beam balance

Photo courtesy of Ohaus Corporation


Equipment

Electronic balance


Using an Electronic Balance

Play video: Using an Electronic Balance


Equipment

Weigh boats


Equipment

pH meters


Using a pH Meter

Play video: Using a pH Meter


Equipment

Autoclave


Washing Glassware

Add small amount of laboratory soap and use a brush

to make sure all surfaces are washed

Rinse with tap water until no suds are evident,

usually at least 3 times

Rinse twice with distilled water

Air-dry or use oven to dry


Labeling

Name of solution

Concentration

Date made

Name of person who

made it

Potential hazards if

necessary


Hazards

Universal

hazards

label


Significant Figures

Rule 1: The number of significant figures is the

number of digits to the right of the first non-zero

number.


Significant Figures

Rule 2: When adding or subtracting numbers, the

resulting numbers cannot have any more significant

figures to the right of the decimal point than any value

used in the calculation.


Significant Figures

Rule 3: When multiplying or dividing numbers, the

answer cannot have any more significant figures than

the value in the calculation with the fewest significant

figures.


Scientific Notation

Shorthand method

to display numbers

that convey their

level of precision

Uses a number

that is multiplied by

10 raised to a

positive or

negative number


Units of Measure

Metric prefixes and suffixes


Preparing Solutions

Percent solutions

– Mass per Volume (m/v)


Preparing Solutions

Percent solutions

– Volume per Volume (v/v)


Preparing Solutions

Dilutions


Preparing Solutions

Molar solutions

– Proportional method


Preparing Solutions

Molar solutions

– Unit cancellation method


Diluting Molar Solutions

Molar dilutions


Chapter 2 Summary

Safety

• PPE

• Equipment and Locations

Equipment

• Containers

• Uses

Numbers and Accuracy

• Significant Figures

• Scientific Notation

Making Solutions

• Molar Solutions

• Dilutions

Documents

Laboratory Skills - Pedersen Science - Pedersen Science