Kk day 2 am 7th speaker dr soetanto developing sustainable and effective nutrient management...

DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE AND EFFECTIVE NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PACKAGES FOR COCOA PRODUCTION

Soetanto Abdoellah

INDONESIAN COFFEE AND COCOA RESEARCH INSTITUTE

CACAO INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION OF MINDANAO, INC. (CIDAMI)

AND ACDI/VOCA Apo View Hotel, Davao City, November 21 – 23, 2012

GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES (GAP)

GOOD HANDLING PRACTICES (GHP)

Land suitability evaluation

Land preparation

Nursery

Shade

Planting

Pruning

Fertilization, soil-water conservation

Pest-disease-weed control

Harvesting, processing, storage

LAND

• Climate

– Dry month max 5/yr

• Soil

– Effective depth > 60 cm

– pH 4,0-8,0

– Loamy texture

Leguminous crops for shade

SHADE & PRUNING

• Optimum shade

– Leguminous crops

– Productive crops

Optimum pruning • Time

• Frequency

COCOA - AGROFORESTRY

Fertilization

1000 kg cocoa dry beans contain :

•N : 68,4 kg, equiv. 258 kg Urea

•P : 12,6 kg, equiv. 60 kg SP36

•K : 145,2 kg, equiv. 290 kg KCl

•Mg : 13,6 kg, equiv. 62 kg Kieserit

•Ca : 16,4 kg, equiv. 39 kg Dolomite

OPTIMUM FERTILIZATION

• Organic

– C/N

– Dose

• Inorganic

– Kind

– Dose

• Based on soil/leaf analysis

Tentative fertilizers for cocoa (When there is no soil analysis results)

Age/Stadium Unit

Nursery g/seedling

yr

yr

yr

yr

yr

g/tree/yr

g/tree/yr

g/tree/yr

g/tree/yr

g/tree/yr

Kieserite

Organic manure 5-20 kg/tree/yr

(NPK) 15-10-20

(15)

(75)

(135)

(270)

(540)

(660)

Soil & Water Conservation

• Terrace (for > 15% slope)

• Mulching

• Pit

Soil & Water Conservation

• Water

conservation

– Biopore

– Organic matter

– Soil microbes

Pod husk for organic matter source

• Healthy pod