KINGDOM ANIMALIA Phylum Arthropoda. Subphylum Mandibulata Subphylum Mandibulata

KINGDOM ANIMALIAPhylum Arthropoda

SubphylumMandibulataSubphylumMandibulata

Members of the Phylum ArthropodaThe segmented bodies are arranged

into regions, called tagmata (e.g., head, thorax, abdomen).

The paired appendages (e.g., legs, antennae) are jointed.

They posses a chitinous exoskeleton that must be shed during growth.

They have bilateral symmetry.The nervous system is ventral (belly)

and the circulatory system is closed/open and dorsal (back).

Three Major Subphylum

The arthropods are divided into three subphyla that exist today:

Chelicerata , Mandibulata, Crustacea

Mandibulata Characteristics:Mouthparts are mandibles normally chewing

sidewaysOne or two pairs of antennaeVarious body region arrangements

depending on species– cephalothorax & abdomen– head & trunk– head, thorax & abdomen

Variable leg numbersIncludes insects, chilopoda, & diplopoda

Review of Zoological Nomenclature

Taxonomic Categories

Kingdom - AnimalaePhylum – Arthropoda Subphylum - Mandibulata

Class - InsectaOrder - Coleoptera

Family - ScarabaeidaeGenus - Popillia

Genus & speciesPopillia japonica Newman

Class InsectsClass Insects

Insects are the largest group of Arthropods

MAIN CHARACTERISTICSMAIN CHARACTERISTICS

Three body regions – head, thorax, and abdomenOne pair antenna (head)Six legs or 3 pairs (thorax)One-two pairs of wings

(thorax)

Count the Legs!Count the Legs!

There are ALWAYS SIXSIX legs, and they are attached to the THORAXTHORAX

AntennaAntennaOne Pair on headJointedSensory (smell)Called “feelers”Filiform most

common shape (segments = size)May be modified

FILIFORM

Antenna Modifications

Wings or No WingsWings or No WingsMost adults have

2 pairsCalled forewings

and hindwingsSome insects are

wingless (silverfish, fleas, some termites and ants)

More on WingsMore on WingsA network of Veins strengthens

wings

MEMBRANEOUS (clear) MEMBRANEOUS (clear) WINGSWINGS

Some Wings Are Covered With Powdery Scales

BUTTERFLIES & MOTHSBUTTERFLIES & MOTHS

Wings May Be ModifiedWings May Be ModifiedOrder Diptera

(flies)2nd pair of

wings modified into HALTERESUsed for

balanceMakes flies

hard to catch!

Beetle WingsBeetle Wings

• Hard Forewing called Elytra• Meet in straight line down the abdomen• Membranous hindwings folded underneath (flight)

ELYTRA

Order ColeopteraOrder Coleoptera• Called beetlesbeetles

• Tough exoskeletonexoskeleton

• Forewings called ElytraElytra

•Fly with membranous hindwings

•Larva called grubs Rhinoceros Rhinoceros

beetlebeetle

Cucumber Cucumber beetlebeetle

Ladybird beetleLadybird beetle

Order Diptera

Contains mosquitoesmosquitoes & fliesflies

One pair One pair functional wingsClub-shaped

haltereshalteres for balanceBodies often

hairyhairy

Green Bottle Green Bottle flyfly

Hover FlyHover Fly

Fruit Fly

Aedes MosquitoAedes Mosquito

Order OrthopteraGrasshoppers, Grasshoppers,

locusts, crickets, locusts, crickets, katydidskatydidsVery longlong bodiesRear legs modified

for jumpingjumpingFemales with egg

laying tube (ovipositor on end of abdomen)Often communicate

with chirping sounds

Order LepidopteraMoths, butterflies, & Moths, butterflies, &

skippersskippers

SiphoningSiphoning mouthparts coiled under head

Powdery scales Powdery scales on wingsButterflies fold wings

flatflat above body at rest

MothsMoths are night activenight activeImportant plant

pollinators

Order HymenopteraBees, ants, Bees, ants,

waspswasps

Narrow waiNarrow waist connects thorax & abdomen

Abdomen curved Abdomen curved downwardMay have

stingerstinger on end of abdomen

Carpenter bee

Red ant

Yellow jacket

Insect Anatomy

Chelicerata Characteristics:

Pincher-like mouthparts (chelicerae) and pedipalps

NO antennaeTwo body regions, usually -

cephalothorax & abdomenFour pairs of legsHorseshoe crabs and arachnids are the

only living groups.Arachnids include scorpions,

pseudoscorpions, daddy long-legs, mites & ticks, spiders

Scorpion Anatomy

chelicerae eyes pedipalp

Pseudoscorpion

pedipalp

chelicera (fang)

cephalothorax

abdomen

narrow waist

Spider Anatomy

Abdomen

Pedipalp

Chelicera (fang)

Cephalothorax

Jumping Spider

Wolf spider with egg case Spitting spider

TarantulaOrb-weaving spider

Black widow with egg case

Brown recluse

Crustacean Anatomy

Classes of Crustacea• mostly marine, fresh water, a few terrestrial• all have two pair of antennae• five or more pairs of legs• segmented abdominal appendages• head & trunk or cephalothorax & abdomen body arrangement• have gills

Sowbugs or pillbugs

Sand fleas

Barnacles

Crabs, lobster, shrimp

Crayfish cephalothorax(Decapoda)

Sowbug (Isopoda), a terrestrial crustacean

Classes of Myriapods(many legged arthropods)

(all have one pair of antennae, a head region, and trunk with many pairs of legs, use trachea)

Diplopoda - millipedes

Chilopoda - centipedes

Myriapods

Millipede (Diplopoda)

Two pair of legs per visible segment, attached under body.

Centipede (Chilopoda)

Pair of fangs under head, one pair legs per visible segment - attached to side of body.

No fangs, no eyes, legs attached to side of body.

one pair of antennaehead & trunk regions

trunk with many pairs of legs

Millipede (Diplopoda)

Centipede (Chilopoda)

Garden centipede

Orders of Arachnids

Scorpions

Pseudoscorpions

Daddy Long-Legs

Mites & Ticks

Spiders

Scorpion Tick(a mite)

Pseudoscorpion

Daddy-long-legs

WolfSpider

pedipalps &chelicerae

cephalothorax

abdomen

Mite and Tick Body Regions

American dog tick male

Blacklegged (deer) tick female

American dog tick female laying egg mass (1000-2000 eggs!).

Clover mites

Twospotted spider mites

Predatory mite

daddy long-legs

cephalothorax abdomen