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King Abdulaziz UniversityDepartment of European Languages & Literature
SyntaxSyntax (LANE-334)(LANE-334)
Chapter 3Functions
Dr. Abdulrahman AlqurashiDr. Abdulrahman Alqurashi
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 1
Categories vs. FunctionsCategories vs. Functions
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 2
Introduction Introduction
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 3
The verb and its complementsThe verb and its complements
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 4
Verb types
Intransitive
Copula
Monotransitive
Ditransitive
Complex transitive
Intransitive +PP
Transitive +PP
Frames
[VP –]
[VP – { AdjP ,NP or PP}]
[VP– { NP / S} ]
[VP – {NP- NP / NP-PP}]
[VP – NP -{AdjP / NP}]
[VP – PP ]
[VP – NP - PP]
Examples
He laughed
He seems [AdjP very sad]
He killed [NP the mouse]
He gave [ NP the girl][NP a book]
He called [NP him][NP a fool]
He leaned [PP towards the girl]
He put [NP the cup][PP on the table]
The verb and its complementsThe verb and its complements
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 5
Intransitive verb
Monotransitive verb
Grammatical functions in SGrammatical functions in S
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 6
Examples: A. The boy was readingB. Was the boy reading?
② Subjects of finite clause agree with the first auxiliary or with the main verb if there is no auxiliary.
Examples:
A. The boy was reading
B. The boys were laughing
A. The boy reads a story everyday.
B. The boys read a story everyday.
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 7
③Subject NPs can be replaced by a pronoun in the subjective form but not in the objective form.
Examples:
A. The boy was reading.
B. He was reading.
C. * him was reading.
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 8
Grammatical functions in SGrammatical functions in S
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 9
Grammatical functions in SGrammatical functions in S
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 10
Grammatical functions in VPGrammatical functions in VP
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 11
Grammatical functions in VPGrammatical functions in VP
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 12
Grammatical functions in VPGrammatical functions in VP
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 13
Grammatical functions in VPGrammatical functions in VP
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 14
Grammatical functions in VPGrammatical functions in VP
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 15
Grammatical functions in VPGrammatical functions in VP
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 16
AssignmentAssignment
QQ: : Bracket the complement and indicate what kind of Bracket the complement and indicate what kind of complement it is and how it is realized in each of the complement it is and how it is realized in each of the following sentences:following sentences:
The doctor put her on a diet.They left the door open.The room is in a mess.He destroyed all the magazines.This song gives me a headache.He lives in Paris.
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 17
Adjuncts and ComplementsAdjuncts and Complements
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 18
Adjuncts and ComplementsAdjuncts and Complements
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 19
Complex sentences: function of clausesComplex sentences: function of clauses
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 20
Complex sentences: function of clausesComplex sentences: function of clauses
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 21
S
Complex sentences: function of clausesComplex sentences: function of clauses
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 22
Complex sentences: function of clausesComplex sentences: function of clauses
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 23
Grammatcal functions in phrasesGrammatcal functions in phrases
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 24
Function Specifier Head Complements Adjunct
Category Model Verb NP NP (PP)
Examples
will show the girl the paintings after dinner
Grammatcal functions in phrasesGrammatcal functions in phrases
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 25
Function Specifier Head
Category (Adv) Adverb
Examples [Adv very][Adv extremely]
[Adv recently][Adv slowly]
Grammatcal functions in phrasesGrammatcal functions in phrases
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 26
X-Phrase: Specifier – Head – Complement – {Modifier/Adjunct}
X
What to do next weekWhat to do next week
2014 KAU-Syntax/ LANE-334 27
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