JPO Regional Workshop Sarajevo 25 – 29 October 2004 THE UN PROGRAMME FOR REFUGEES & IDPs IN...

JPO Regional WorkshopJPO Regional Workshop

Sarajevo 25 – 29 October 2004Sarajevo 25 – 29 October 2004

THE UN PROGRAMME FOR REFUGEES & IDPs IN CENTRAL AMERICA

THE UN PROGRAMME FOR REFUGEES & IDPs IN CENTRAL AMERICA

DEVELOPEMENT PROGRAMME FOR DISPLACED PERSONS

REFUGEES AND RETURNEES PRODERE

The PRODERE’s experience in

Central America

and its legacy

HUMAN DEVLOPEMENT IN ACTION

ORIGINS OF THE PROJECTORIGINS OF THE PROJECT

• The Peace Plan known as Esquipulas II (1987)

• Special Plan of Economic Cooperation for Central America -PEC- (1988)

• International Conference on Central American Refugees -CIREFCA- (1989)

• Governments begun a political negotiations with their respective opposition groups. They requested international cooperation in overcoming their difficult economic situation.

• The United Nations General Assembly expressed its support.

• The Government of Italy confirmed its support to PRODERE by pledging $115 million grant.

REFUGEES IN CENTRAL AMERICAREFUGEES IN CENTRAL AMERICA

PRODERE’s TERRITORY OF INTERVENTION

PRODERE’s TERRITORY OF INTERVENTION

• Areas of intervention 13

• Extension of these areas 45,100

• Population in these areas 2,520,000

• Number of Municipalities 13

• Direct beneficiaries 574,000

• Indirect beneficiaries 984,500

PRODERE’s TERRITORY OF INTERVENTION:THE CASE OF GUATEMALA

PRODERE’s TERRITORY OF INTERVENTION:THE CASE OF GUATEMALA

• Extension of these areas 8,615

(KM2)

• Population in these areas 202,507

• Number of Municipalities 4 + 18

• Direct beneficiaries 82,425

• Indirect beneficiaries 124,266

• Micro-regions 18

INITIAL SITUATIONINITIAL SITUATION

• Armed conflicts in El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua existed during the 1980’s.

• As a result two million people were forced to abandon their homes.

• Central America was characterized by widespread poverty, social fragility, a limited presence of the State and a high level of Social Exclusion. These factors led to the conflict.

Social ExclusionSocial exclusion is defined as the set of processes, which tend to disqualify and marginalize individuals and communities due to political, social, economic, ethnic or cultural reasons or because of

geographic isolation.

SOCIAL EXCLUSIONTHE CASE OF GUATEMALA

SOCIAL EXCLUSIONTHE CASE OF GUATEMALA

LINGUISTIC GROUPSTHE CASE OF GUATEMALA

LINGUISTIC GROUPSTHE CASE OF GUATEMALA

THE CASE OF GUATEMALA ZONAPAZ

THE CASE OF GUATEMALA ZONAPAZ

RETURNEES AND REPATRIATESTHE CASE OF GUATEMALA

RETURNEES AND REPATRIATESTHE CASE OF GUATEMALA

• Total returned and repatriated population 43,594

• Returned population 22,905

• Repatriated population in its place of origin 20 689

• Farms bought by the Government of Guatemala 28

• Gvt. of Guatemala’s total investment 200,000,000

RETURNEES THE CASE OF GUATEMALARETURNEES THE CASE OF GUATEMALA

FARMS BAUGHT BY THE GOVERNMENT OF GUATEMALAFARMS BAUGHT BY THE GOVERNMENT OF GUATEMALA

PRODERE’S MAIN OBJECTIVE.....

PRODERE’S MAIN OBJECTIVE.....

.....contributes to the peace process in Central America in providing assistance to populations affected by military conflict, thereby enabling

them to successfully resettle in their communities, which receive development

support as well.

PRODERE’S SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

PRODERE’S SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

• Participating in the pacification and the peace building process through national reconciliation

• Promoting, the respect of human and international rights as well as democratic practices.

• Impelling a process of integral development

• Strengthening the civil society and its organization.

• Consolidate governmental institutions at the local level

• Generating local capacities in the field of planning and development management for governmental and non governmental organization.

• Bringing technical cooperation for fund raising

PRODERE’s STRATEGYPRODERE’s STRATEGY

SUSTENAIBLE HUMAN DEVLOPMENT AS A STRATEGY

SUSTENAIBLE HUMAN DEVLOPMENT AS A STRATEGY

PRODERE’s interventions have been conceived within the framework of the Sustainable Human Development Strategy

Human Development

Human development is the process of expending people’s choices in the areas of health and knowledge, as well as increasing access to the resources needed for a decent standard of living.

If these basic capacities are not achieved, many choices are simply not available and many opportunities remain inaccessible.

APPLICATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL :

FUNCTIONAL APPROACH

APPLICATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL :

FUNCTIONAL APPROACH

PRODERE has applied the concept of sustainable Human Development at the local level by integrating activities in five main sectors, where the assistance provides the conditions for the empowerment of local entities.

Sector of Sector of ActivitiesActivities Entities in charge of the sector atEntities in charge of the sector atthe local levelthe local level

Human Rights

Local Economic Development

Health

Education

Regional PlanningInfrastructure and environment

Local Mechanism for the Protection of Human Rights

Local Economic DevelopmentAgency

Local Health System

Local Education System

Local Planning Unit

APPLICATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL:

TERRITORIAL APPROACH

APPLICATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL:

TERRITORIAL APPROACH

SchoolHealth Center

CommunityTown

Market

APPLICATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL:

PARTICIPATIVE APPROACH, DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEES

APPLICATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL:

PARTICIPATIVE APPROACH, DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEES

MUNICIPAL DEV.COMMITTEE

MICROREGIONALDEV. COMMITTEE

MICROREGIONALDEV.COMMITTEE

MICROREGIONALDEV.COMMITTEE

COMMUNITY COMMITTEE

COMMUNITYCOMMITTEE

COMMUNITYCOMMITTEE

COMMUNITYCOMMITTEE

COMMUNITYCOMMITTEE

COMMUNITYCOMMITTEE

COMMUNITYCOMMITTEE

MunicipalLevel

MicroregionalLevel

CommunityLevel

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION.......PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION.......

was an unique illustration of inter-agency coordination within United Nations Systems

UNDP

UNOPS

UNHCR ILO

WHO

Other Agencies:•UNICEF•UNESCO•Habitat•High Commissioner for

Human Rights

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION.......PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION.......

The National Counterparts

• Vice Presidency •Ministry of development•National Commission for Repatriates, Refugees and Displaced Persons•General Secretary for Planning• National Fund for Peace•Others Ministries:

HealthEducation

Infrastructure..........................

HUMAN RIGHTSHUMAN RIGHTS

HUMAN RIGHTS

Local mechanism for the protection of human rights HUMAN RIGHTS

Local mechanism for the protection of human rights OBJECTIVE

• To promote a change of attitude among the various social groups with the goal of strengthening peaceful methods of dispute settlement, thus helping the process of reconciliation and creating more solid grounds for a transition from a culture of violence to a culture of rights.

• To convert human development into a means for the achievement of human rights

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

• Strengthening Legal Institutions: administration of justice at the local level.

• Research and information: study and training courses.

• Legal Assistance: personal documentation and legalization of property.

• Adaptation of laws.

• Support for vulnerable groups.

• Assessment to the peace process..

HUMAN RIGHTS THE CASE OF GUATEMALA

SOME KEY ACTIVITIES

HUMAN RIGHTS THE CASE OF GUATEMALA

SOME KEY ACTIVITIES

Attention to displaced persons, refugees, returnees Legal counseling Legal status for refugees Birth certificates and ID cards Organization of Local Committees in the field of development, Human Rights, Health, Education,

Women Organization of Micro-regional Committees Organization of Municipal and departmental Committees in the field o f development, Human Rights,

Health, Education Organization of inter Institutional Committees Legalization of committees Strengthening of governmental and non governmental organization Train ing in Human Rights, democracy building process, gender focus, municipal management Radio Programs : Human Rights Education for Peace Studies and Publications, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Education for Peace, Republic

Constitution, Popol Vuh

HUMAN RIGHTS SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRODERE

CENTRAL AMERICA

HUMAN RIGHTS SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRODERE

CENTRAL AMERICA

• Beneficiaries of legal counseling 166,700

• Local development committees organized 1,150

HUMAN RIGHTS SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS

THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA

HUMAN RIGHTS SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS

THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA

• Beneficiaries of legal counseling 27,938• Local development committees organized 249• Birth certificates and ID card 18,656• Legalization Status for refugees 20• Legalization of land 7,259• Municipal administration training 15• Strengthening of local municipal government 4• Committees organized and trained 774• Beneficiaries of human rights training 7,153• Studies and publications: 5X 20,000

HUMAN RIGHTS THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA, IXIL

HUMAN RIGHTS THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA, IXIL

LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTLOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Local Economic Development Agencies LEDA LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Local Economic Development Agencies LEDA

OBJECTIVE

This agencies further the productive

transformation of the area in which they function by

expanding markets for goods and services, promoting local

employment opportunities and

improving income.

Principal activities• Preparing diagnostic studies

• Designing and executing projects

• Promoting new technologies

• Supporting the creation or growth of enterprises

• Coordinating public and private initiatives

• Promoting local employment

• Carrying out actions that would contribute to equitable economic growth

• Local Economic Development Agencies created/supported 8• Beneficiaries of production projects 69,450• Approved loans for production (number) 15,330,000• Number of credit beneficiaries 33,000• Participants in training courses 30,300• Non agricultural micro-entreprises financed 4,470• Proportion of women benefited from production training 42%

LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRODERE

CENTRAL AMERICA

LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRODERE

CENTRAL AMERICA

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA

• Local Economic Development Agencies created/supported 2• Direct beneficiaries of production projects 7,366• Approved loans for production (number) 1,413,109• Number of credit beneficiaries 5,256• Participants in training courses 13,990• Agricultural warehouse centers built 5• Governmental organizations strengthened 29• Non Governmental organizations strengthened 55• Micro enterprises created 84• Small scale irrigation systems built 6• Beekeeping centers created 56• Cooperatives financially strengthened 12• Rural Partners’ Enterprises created and supported 17

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS THE CASE OF PRODERE

GUATEMALA, IXIL (1)

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS THE CASE OF PRODERE

GUATEMALA, IXIL (1)

Desarrollo Económico Mapa 1

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS

THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA, IXIL (2)

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS

THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA, IXIL (2)

Desarrollo Económico Mapa 2

HEALTHHEALTH

HEALTH Local Health Systems: LHS

HEALTH Local Health Systems: LHS

OBJECTIVE

LHS main objective is to expand the coverage, quality and efficiency of health services.

The LHS approach consist of considering health in terms of mental and social well being.

LHS is composed of representatives of the community as well as representatives of municipal councils, the Ministry of Health, and local non governmental organizations active in healthcare.

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

• Support to the training and education of technical and community personal on health issues

• Construction and equipment of health infrastructure where health personnel of the State and other entities can operate

• Support for priority health programmes: maternal and childcare, environmental sanitation, transmittable diseases, etc.

HEALTH SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRODERE

CENTRAL AMERICA

HEALTH SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRODERE

CENTRAL AMERICA

• Local Health Systems created/supported 25

• Health centers built/renovated 110

• Health centers equipped/ assisted 170

• Trained health professionals 2,900

• Trained community health workers 8,400

HEALTH SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS

THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA

HEALTH SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS

THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA

• Local Health Systems created and supported 2

• Health centers renovated and equipped 39

• Health centers built and equipped 25

• Other health building renovated/built and equipped 59

• Oral re-hydration unit established 46

• Trained health personnel 1147

• Latrines built 6612

• Drinking water committees created and supported 121

• Drinking water well dug 99

• Aqueducts built 10

• Water tank built 4

HEALTH

THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA, IXIL(1) HEALTH

THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA, IXIL(1)

HEALTH

THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA, IXIL (2) HEALTH

THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA, IXIL (2)

HEALTH THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA

HEALTH THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA

EDUCATIONEDUCATION

EDUCATION Local Education Systems: LES

EDUCATION Local Education Systems: LES

OBJECTIVE

To adopt a structure, which links and integrates all educational services within a clearly defined geographic area.

Within this area, the State and the community work together at multiple level in the development of education in its various expressions.

The LES reflects the trend towards the decentralization and deconcentration of the State system.

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

• Integration of the various levels of education: pre-school, primary, secondary, technical and university.

• Support towards the training and education of professional and community workers on education issues.

• Construction and equipment of education infrastructure.

• Support for high priority educational programmes.

EDUCATION SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRODERE

CENTRAL AMERICA

EDUCATION SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRODERE

CENTRAL AMERICA

• Local Education System created/supported 10

• Schools built/renovated 370

• Schools equipped 170

• Trained education professionals 7,190

• Beneficiaries of literacy programmes 53,400

EDUCATION SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS

THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA

EDUCATION SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS

THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA

• Local Education System created/supported 2• Total beneficiaries 43,964• Schools built/renovated 63• Schools equipped and provided with technical assistance 207• Trained education professionals 653• Beneficiaries of literacy programmes 20,294• Trained Educational promoters 588• Cultural Centers built and equipped 3• Educational material created

5x5000

(bilingual education materials)

EDUCATIONTHE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA

EDUCATIONTHE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA

REGIONAL PLANNING / INFRASTRUCTURE / ENVIRONMENT

REGIONAL PLANNING / INFRASTRUCTURE / ENVIRONMENT

REGIONAL PLANNING / INFRASTRUCTURE / ENVIRONMENT

Local Planning Units :LPU

REGIONAL PLANNING / INFRASTRUCTURE / ENVIRONMENT

Local Planning Units :LPU

OBJECTIVETo develop planning management and national capacities at the local level in order to foster the sustainability of policies, programmes and projects.

To contribute to the process of decentralization by providing technical support to local institutions.

To transform planning into an instrument for sustainable human development, through the formulation of policies and projects that emphasize protection of the environment and achievement of the better quality of life, deepening the democratic processes and strengthening the participation of the civil society.

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

LPU´s activities are oriented to foster and strengthen an inter institutional coordination for planning and promoting programmes and projects in areas of:– Services

– Infrastructures

– Economic activities

– Environment and land usage

REGIONAL PLANNING / INFRASTRUCTURE / ENVIRONMENT SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRODERE

CENTRAL AMERICA

REGIONAL PLANNING / INFRASTRUCTURE / ENVIRONMENT SOME QUANTITATIVE ACHIEVEMENTS OF PRODERE

CENTRAL AMERICA

• Rural Roads built/renovated (km) 1,540• Sewage/drinking water/ latrines 269,500(beneficiaries)

INFRASTRUCTURE ACHIEVEMENTS

THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA

INFRASTRUCTURE ACHIEVEMENTS

THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA

• Rural Roads built/renovated (km) 467

• Bridges 34

• Beneficiaries of water and sanitation 52,285

• Families benef. from emergency shelter 486

• Families benef. of formal housing 70

• Beneficiaries of communal infrastructures 23,950

• Infrastructure committees created 12

INFRASTRUCTURE ACHIEVEMENTS

THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA IXIL

INFRASTRUCTURE ACHIEVEMENTS

THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA IXIL

Infrastructura Mapa 1

INFRASTRUCTURE ACHIEVEMENTS

THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA IXIL

INFRASTRUCTURE ACHIEVEMENTS

THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA IXIL

Infrastructura Mapa 2

REGIONAL PLANNING / ENVIRONMENT ACHIEVEMENTS

THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA

REGIONAL PLANNING / ENVIRONMENT ACHIEVEMENTS

THE CASE OF PRODERE GUATEMALA

• LPU at departmental level, created and trained 1

• LPU at Municipal level, created and trained 4

• Development plan at the departmental level 1

• Development plan at the municipal level 4

• Tree Nurseries created 32

• Hectares of Reforestation 220

THE PRODERE´S LEGACYTHE PRODERE´S LEGACY

THE CASE OF

PRODERE GUATEMALA

THE PRODERE´S LEGACY5 YEARS OF EXPERIENCETHE PRODERE´S LEGACY5 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

During its last period, in order to support the on-going peace process UNDP through PRODERE made available its assistance to the Government of Guatemala, the Guatemalan civil society, several Countries and institutions involved in Guatemala, and to the United Nations Peace Moderator.

The result of this technical assistance, is included into the Peace Agreements signed in December 1996 and integrated into the public policies, programmes and projects in the areas of:

• Agricultural Development

• Health

• Education

• Social Investments.

THE PRODERE´S LEGACY Experiences in the field of Human Rights included into the Peace Agreements

THE PRODERE´S LEGACY Experiences in the field of Human Rights included into the Peace Agreements

THE PRODERE´S LEGACY Experiences in the field of Human Rights included into the Peace

Agreements

THE PRODERE´S LEGACY Experiences in the field of Human Rights included into the Peace

Agreements

THE PRODERE´S LEGACY Experiences in the field of Local Economic Development included into the

Peace Agreements

THE PRODERE´S LEGACY Experiences in the field of Local Economic Development included into the

Peace Agreements

THE PRODERE´S LEGACY Experiences in the field of Health included into the Peace Agreements

THE PRODERE´S LEGACY Experiences in the field of Health included into the Peace Agreements

THE PRODERE´S LEGACY Experiences in the field of Education included into the Peace Agreements

THE PRODERE´S LEGACY Experiences in the field of Education included into the Peace Agreements

THE PRODERE´S LEGACY TECHNICAL ASISTANCE IN THE FIELD OF PROGRAMMES AND

PROJECT DESIGN

THE PRODERE´S LEGACY TECHNICAL ASISTANCE IN THE FIELD OF PROGRAMMES AND

PROJECT DESIGN

THE PRODERE´S LEGACY PROGRAMMES AND PROJECT DESIGN

FUNDS RAISED

THE PRODERE´S LEGACY PROGRAMMES AND PROJECT DESIGN

FUNDS RAISED

PORTFOLIO OF PEACE PROGRAMMESPORTFOLIO OF PEACE PROGRAMMES