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Introduction of edible fungi
靳利蕊
陈斯国
Overview
（Ⅰ）Definition
（Ⅱ）Classification
（Ⅲ）Cultivation (Production)
（Ⅳ）Nutrition Value and other Applications
（Ⅰ）Definition
Edible fungi are the fleshy and edible fruiting
bodies of higher fungi. They belong to the
macrofungi, because their fruiting structures are
large enough to be seen with the naked eye.
Edible fungi
Mushroom
vs
Edibility may be defined by criteria that include
absence of poisonous effects on humans and
desirable taste and aroma.
Mushroom
Edible
fungi
Edible
Mushroom
Less than 10% of all mushrooms may be edible.
1. Toth, B. Mushroom toxins and cancer (review). Int J Oncol 1995;6:137
（Ⅱ）Classification
(1) Basidiomycotina （担子菌亚门 ）
Lentinus edodes （香菇/厚菇）
Agaricus campestris （蘑菇）
Auricularia （木耳）
Tremella （银耳）
(2) Ascomycotina （子囊菌亚门）
Morehella esculenta (L. ) Pers （羊肚菌）
Helvella elastica Bull.∶ Fr. （马鞍菌）
Tuber mdicum cook et Massee （块菌）
Lentinus edodes （香菇/厚菇）
“山珍”、“植物皇后”
Agaricus campestris （蘑菇）
"植物肉"
Auricularia （木耳）
Tremella （银耳）
“菌中之冠” 、“雪耳 ”
Morehella esculenta
(L. ) Pers （羊肚菌）
Helvella elastica
Bull.∶ Fr. （马鞍菌）
Tuber mdicum cook et
Massee （块菌）
“黑色金刚石”
（Ⅲ）Cultivation （Production）
Taking edible mushroom as example
Depend on the mushroom species to be cultivated：
Substrate preparation （培养料预处理）
Inoculation （接种）
Incubation （孵育）
Production conditions （生产条件控制）
Flow chart
1st stage：
obtaining pure mycelium（获取纯种子）
2nd stage：
inoculation（接种）
3rd stage：
culture（种植）
4th stage：
picking and packing（收获）
1st stage：obtaining pure mycelium（获取纯种子）
a. spores
b. a piece of
mushroom
c. Germplasm
providers
2nd stage：inoculation（接种）
d. On cereal grain
（五谷杂粮）
e. Spawn
（菌种体）
f. Inculation of
Bulk substrate
（大批量底物）
2nd stage：inoculation（接种）
3rd stage：culture（种植） depending on species
Tray culture(托盘)
Wall culture(墙架)
Column culture(吊柱)
Bag culture(袋装)
Mound culutre(垛)
Stump culture(树墩)
Log culture(原木)
3rd stage：culture（种植）
4th stage：picking and packing（收获）
Further processing
Overall：
(a) the critical need for food, and in particular for
protein, that exists in many parts of the world;
(b) the economic advantages of microbial
elaboration of foods or vitamins from relatively
inexpensive raw materials;
(c) the reduction of the cost of disposal of
fermentable factory wastes.
Compositional analyses
Health & Nutritional Benefits of Eating Mushrooms
Medicinal application
Soil decontamination， environmental engineering
（Ⅳ）Nutrition Value and other Applications
10%
90%dry matter
water
* Folate (Vitamin B9) - 16.0 mcg 维生素B9
* Niacin (Vitamin B3) - 3.6 mg 维生素B3
* Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5) - 1.5 mg 维生素B5
* Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) - 0.4 mg 维生素B2
* Thiamin (Vitamin B1) - 0.1 mg 维生素B1
* Vitamin B6 - 0.1 mg 维生素B6
* Copper - 0.3 mg 铜元素* Iron - 0.5 mg 铁元素* Magnesium - 9.0 mg 镁元素* Phosphorus - 86.0 mg 磷元素* Potassium - 318 mg 钾元素* Selenium - 9.3 mcg 硒元素* Zinc - 0.5 mg 锌元素* Fiber 纤维
100 grams of uncooked, white button
mushrooms contain the following
nutrients:
Compositional analyses (Part1)
Compositional analyses (Part2)
dry weight basis：
（1）19 to 35% protein ， 20% fibre ， 4% carbohydrate ；
（2）all the essential amino acids，especially rich in lysine and leucine
which are lacking in most staple cereal foods（主食谷类食物 ）；
（3） low total fat content；
（4） high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids（多不饱和脂肪酸 ）(72 to 85%) relative to total fatty acids, is considered a significant
contributor to the health value of mushrooms；
（5） good source of vitamins, including thiamine, riboflavin, niacin,
biotin and ascorbic acid；
（6）minerals
Health & Nutritional Benefits of Eating Mushrooms
rich in potassium
less calories good for weight loss
lower blood pressure &
diminished the risk of stroke
rich in copper cardio-protective
Selenium（硒元素） antioxidant & against cancer
stimulation of the immune system
& fighting against AIDS Lentinan（蘑菇多糖 ）
Overall：Their nutritional value can be compared to those of
eggs, milk, and meat (Oei 2003).
From edible to useful mushrooms
Eating mushroom is only one of several significant
potential uses.
Depending on the species, thy can also be used in
medicine, environmental engineering and ecosystem
protection.
Medicinal application
medicinal value being devoid of undesirable side-effects
Mushroom extracts ：antibacterial, hematological, antiviral, antitumor,
hypotensive and hepatoprotective effects
against cancers of the stomach, esophagus, lungs, etc.
Soil decontamination， environmental engineering
able to break down a large number of structurally different
organic substances, including many pollutants that are
difficult to degrade.
able to break down several aromatic
（芳香族） compounds (containing a
benzene（苯） skeleton), such as
vanillic acid（香草酸）, and even
lindane（六六六） and DDT
oyster mushroom
蚝蘑,木牡蛎
谢谢聆听！
Q & A
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