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Eyewitness TestimonyL/O: to be able to outline and evaluate Loftus and Palmer’s
(1974) research.
Starter
1. Write down exactly what your tutor was wearing when you saw them this morning.
2. Write down what my first five words were to you this morning.
Taking in your surroundings is difficult.We often miss significant events because our attention cannot be directed to everything.Cognitive Psychologists agree that most memories are reconstructions of events rather than exact versions.
Some accurate fragments + gaps filled using previous knowledge and expectations = reconstructed memory.
Though we tend to have the impression that these memories are accurate.
Eyewitness testimony in the courtroom is where providing this inaccurate information can be catastrophic.
L/O: to be able to outline and evaluate Loftus and Palmer’s (1974) research.
RONNIE BULLOCK was sentenced to 60 years in jail for kidnapping a raping a young Illinois girl. EDWARD HONAKER spent a decade in a Virginia prison for sexually assaulting a woman at gunpoint. KIRK BLOODSWORTH was shipped off to Maryland’s death row for a raping and strangling a 9-year-old girl.
All three were convicted in part because eyewitnesses firmly placed them at the scene of the crime.
They were among the first convicts to be exonerated by DNA tests proving that someone else was responsible.
L/O: to be able to outline and evaluate Loftus and Palmer’s (1974) research.
Loftus and Palmer (1974)A study into language and memory in a car accident reconstruction
So what did they do in Experiment 1?Research Method = Laboratory expResearch Design = Independent GroupsIV = Verb usedDV = Estimate of speedFound:
Miss to read the summary of Experiment 2.IV = Verb used (or lack of qu)DV = yes or no to broken glass quFound:
L/O: to be able to outline and evaluate Loftus and Palmer’s (1974) research.
Can you outline the research?
(AO1)
Evaluation (AO2)?
1. Discuss ideas in pairs.
L/O: to be able to outline and evaluate Loftus and Palmer’s (1974) research.
2. Use textbook page 77 to help you evaluate this study.
Self-report techniques:Questionnaires
L/O: To be able to explain QUESTIONNAIRES as a self-report technique (AO3).
Starter:
Complete the questionnaire.
Identify which are open questions and which are closed questions.
Types of questionsType 1: Closed questions- Rank order questions- Likert scale questions- Checklist questions- Dichotomous questions- Semantic differential questions.
Type 2: Open questions.
L/O: To be able to explain QUESTIONNAIRES as a self-report technique (AO3).
Use the textbook page 36-37 and
common sense (!) to identify which
types of the closed questions I asked
you on the questionnaire.
Open Closed
L/O: To be able to explain QUESTIONNAIRES as a self-report technique (AO3).
Quantitative
Qualitative
Easy to analyse
Question bias
Richer source of info
Difficult to interpret
Open Closed
L/O: To be able to explain QUESTIONNAIRES as a self-report technique (AO3).
QuantitativeQualitative
Easy to analyse
Question biasRicher source of info
Difficult to interpret
Issues with questionsEmbarrassing questions: likelihood of
unanswered questions increases.Leading questions: encourage a certain
response from participants.Lack of clarity: ambiguity and unnecessary jargon.Social desirability bias: participants
answer in way that presents them as they wish to be.
L/O: To be able to explain QUESTIONNAIRES as a self-report technique (AO3).
A psychologist investigated the effect of different forms of
day care on children’s later social
development. She selected two different
types of day care:
• child minders
• day nurseries.
The children had been in one of these types of day care full-time
for at least a year before
they started primary school.
Each child’s mother was asked to complete
a questionnaire.
Questionnaires: AO2 and AO3
Starter:
• Complete the IV, DV, hypotheses sheet.
L/O: To create a questionnaire and pilot it (AO3)To evaluate questionnaires as a research method (AO2)
• Use the guidance on page 38 of the textbook and your prior knowledge to create a questionnaire for administering to a small sample of people in the room.
• Steps 1- 4.
L/O: To create a questionnaire and pilot it (AO3)To evaluate questionnaires as a research method (AO2)
• Administer the questionnaire to your sample.
• Any issues to be ironed out?
L/O: To create a questionnaire and pilot it (AO3)To evaluate questionnaires as a research method (AO2)
Evaluation of Questionnaires as a self-report method (AO2)
Strengths /Advantages
Weaknesses / Disadvantages
L/O: To create a questionnaire and pilot it (AO3)To evaluate questionnaires as a research method (AO2)
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