View
227
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
1/31
2
C H A P T E R:C H A P T E R: T W OT W O
Individual
Behavior,Values, and
Personality
Individual
Behavior,Values, and
Personality
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
2/31
2
Courtesy of Fraser Health Authority
Employee Engagement at FHA
Fraser Health Authority (FHA), the organization that overseespublic health care facilities in eastern Vancouver and the Fraser
Valley, is making employee engagement a cornerstone of its
organizational effectiveness strategy
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
3/31
3
Courtesy of Fraser Health Authority
Employee Engagement Defined
The employees emotional and cognitive (rational)motivation, ability to perform the job, clear understandingof the organizations vision and his/her specific role in thatvision, and a belief that he/she has the resources to getthe job done
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
4/31
4
IndividualIndividualBehaviourBehaviour
and Resultsand Results
RoleRole
PerceptionsPerceptions
SituationalSituationalFactorsFactors
MotivationMotivation
AbilityAbility
ValuesValues
PersonalityPersonality
PerceptionsPerceptions
EmotionsEmotions
AttitudesAttitudes
StressStress
MARS Model of Individual Behaviour
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
5/31
5
MM
AA
RR
SS
BARBAR
Employee Motivation
Internal forces that affect a persons voluntary
choice of behaviour
direction
intensity
persistence
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
6/31
6
MM
AA
RR
SS
BARBAR
Employee Ability
Natural aptitudes and learned capabilitiesrequired to successfully complete a task competencies personal characteristics that lead
to superior performance
personjob matching
select qualified people
develop employeeabilities through training
redesign job to fit
person's existing abilities
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
7/31
7
MM
AA
RR
SS
BARBAR
Employee Role Perceptions
Beliefs about what behaviour is required to
achieve the desired results
understanding what tasks to perform
understanding relative importance of tasks
understanding preferred
behaviours to accomplish tasks
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
8/31
8
MM
AA
RR
SS
BARBAR
Situational Factors
Environmental conditions beyond the
individuals short-term control that constrain
or facilitate behaviour
time
people
budget
work facilities
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
9/31
9
OrganizationalOrganizational
CitizenshipCitizenship
Performance beyond the requiredjob duties
TaskTask
PerformancePerformance
Goal-directed behaviours under
persons control
more
Types of Behaviour in Organizations
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
10/31
10
Maintaining WorkMaintaining Work
AttendanceAttendance
Performance beyond the requiredjob duties
Joining/stayingJoining/staying
with thewith the
OrganizationOrganization
Goal-directed behaviours under
persons control
Types of Behaviour in Organizations
CounterproductiveCounterproductive
Work BehavioursWork Behaviours
Voluntary behaviour thatpotentially harms the organization
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
11/31
11
Values in the Workplace
Stable, evaluative beliefs that guide our
preferences
Define right or wrong, good or bad
Value system -- hierarchy of values
Espoused vs. enacted values:
Espoused -- the values we say we use and often think
we use Enacted -- values we actually rely on to guide our
decisions and actions
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
12/31
12
Schwartzs Values Model
Conservation
Self-enhancement
Self-transcendence
Openness
to Change
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
13/31
13
Values Congruence
Values congruence -- where two or more entitieshave similar value systems
Consequences of incongruence
Incompatible decisions Lower satisfaction and commitment
Increased stress and turnover
Benefits of incongruence Better decision making (diverse values)
Enhanced problem definition
Prevents corporate cults
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
14/31
14
Hyundai Crosses Cultures in Alabama
When Korean automobile giant Hyundai Motor
Company recently opened its manufacturing plant
in Montgomery, Alabama, local residents and
Hyundai executives alike paid close attention to
differences in Korean and American cultural
values.
AP Photo/Yonhap
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
15/31
15
Individualism- Collectivism
PeruPeru
ChileChile
ItalyItalyPortugalPortugal
TurkeyTurkey
Canada/Canada/
U.S.A.U.S.A.
JapanJapan
EgyptEgypt
KoreaKoreaFranceFrance
ChinaChina
ZimbabweZimbabwe
MexicoMexicoHongHong
KongKong
TaiwanTaiwan
Collectivism
High
Low
Individualism HighLow
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
16/31
16
Power Distance
The degree that
people accept an
unequal distributionof power in society
JapanJapan
IsraelIsrael
CanadaCanada
VenezuelaVenezuela
High Power Distance
MalaysiaMalaysia
Low Power Distance
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
17/31
17
Uncertainty Avoidance
High U. A.
Low U. A.
JapanJapan
GreeceGreece
CanadaCanada
The degree that people
tolerate ambiguity (low) or
feel threatened byambiguity and uncertainty
(high uncertainty
avoidance).
ItalyItaly
SingaporeSingapore
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
18/31
18
Achievement-Nurturing
Achievement
Nurturing
JapanJapan
CanadaCanada
SwedenSweden
The degree that people
value assertiveness,
competitiveness, andmaterialism (achievement)
versus relationships and
well-being of others
(nurturing)
ChinaChina
ChileChile
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
19/31
19
Canadian vs American Values
CanadianCanadian
Question authorityQuestion authority
EgalitarianEgalitarian
Moral permissivenessMoral permissiveness
Cultural mosaicCultural mosaic
Collective rights valuedCollective rights valued
AmericanAmerican
Deference to authorityDeference to authority
PatriarchalPatriarchal
Conservative, moralisticConservative, moralistic
Melting potMelting pot
I
ndividual rightsI
ndividual rightsparamountparamount
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
20/31
20
Canadian Subcultures
Francophone values Shifted from more conservative to more liberal
than English Canadians on social issues
First Nations values Strong collectivist values
Lower power distance
Low uncertainty avoidance
Relatively nurturing values orientation
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
21/31
21
UtilitarianismUtilitarianism
IndividualIndividualRightsRights
Greatest good for the greatestnumber of people
Fundamental entitlementsin society
DistributiveDistributive
JusticeJustice
People who are similar shouldreceive similar benefits
Three Ethical Principles
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
22/31
22
Influences on Ethical Conduct
Moral intensity
degree that issue demands ethical principles
Ethical sensitivity ability to recognize the presence and determine
the relative importance of an ethical issue
Situational influences
competitive pressures and other conditions affect
ethical behaviour
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
23/31
23
Supporting Ethical Behaviour
Ethical code of conduct Establishes standards of behaviour
Problem: Limited effect alone on ethical behaviour
Ethics training Awareness and clarification of ethics code
Practice resolving ethical dilemmas
Ethics officers Educate and counsel; hear about wrongdoing
Ethical leadership Demonstrate integrity and role model ethical conduct
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
24/31
24
Defining Personality
Relatively stable pattern of
behaviours and consistent internal
states that explain a person's
behavioural tendencies
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
25/31
25
Big Five Personality Dimensions
Outgoing, talkative
Sensitive, flexible
Careful, dependable
Courteous, caring
Anxious, hostile
ExtroversionExtroversion
Openness to ExperienceOpenness to Experience
ConscientiousnessConscientiousness
AgreeablenessAgreeableness
NeuroticismNeuroticism
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
26/31
26
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
ExtroversionExtroversion IntroversionIntroversionvs.
SensingSensingIntuitionIntuitionvs.
ThinkingThinking FeelingFeelingvs.
JudgingJudging PerceivingPerceivingvs.
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
27/31
27
Locus of Control and Self-Monitoring
Locus of control
Internals believe in their effort and ability
Externals believe events are mainly due to
external causes
Self-monitoring personality
Sensitivity to situational cues, and ability to adapt
your behaviour to that situation
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
28/31
28
Hollands Occupational Choice Theory
Career success depends on fit between the person
and work environment
Holland identifies six themes
Represent work environment and personality traits/interests
A person aligned mainly with one theme is highly
differentiated
A person has high consistency when preferencesrelate to adjacent themes
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
29/31
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
30/31
2
C H A P T E R:C H A P T E R: T W OT W O
Chapter Two
Extras
Chapter Two
Extras
8/3/2019 Individual Behavior, Values, And Personality - Copy
31/31
31
JapanJapan
NetherlandsNetherlands
RussiaRussia
Long-Term Orientation
Short-Term Orientation
ChinaChina
The degree that people value
thrift, savings, andpersistence (long-term)
versus past and present
issues, respect for tradition
and fulfilling social
obligations (short-term).
Long/Short-Term Orientation
CanadaCanada
Recommended