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Importance of ideological control of a populace
Protected by mtns to the north
Dependent on monsoons for their weather
(monsoon = seasonal wind)
Indus River was very unpredictable
•EARLIEST EXAMPLE OF INDIAN CULTURE•URBAN SOCIETY – VERY COMPLEX•NO LARGE MONUMENTAL ARCHITECTURE (NO EVIDENCE OF PALACES OR TEMPLES)•FIRST INDOOR SANITATION SYSTEMS•STANDARD WEIGHTS AND MEASURES•BY 1700 BC, THEY HAD DISAPPEARED
CEMETERY H CULTURE(cremation, breakdown of trade networks)
GANDHARA CULTURE(terracotta figurines, simple dot designs)
OCHRE COLOURED POTTERY CULTURE(may be the last remains of Harappan culture or entirely separate – who knows?)
CEMETERY H CULTURE OCHRE COLOURED POTTERY
EMERGED AROUND 1700 BC
ASSOCIATED WITH THE ARYAN INVASIONS OF INDIA
VEDAS WERE THEIR SACRED LITERATURE
ARYANS - tall, light skinned, different language, no writing, heroic gods, wealth = cows
DASAS – dark skinned, town dwellers, life-giving gods
Brahmins (priests) - MOUTH
Kshatriyas (rulers and warriors) – ARMS
Vaishyas (peasants and traders) – LEGS
Shudras (laborers) – FEET
“Untouchables” Made impure because of their work (grave diggers, butchers, trash collectors)
BRAHMINS
KSHATRIYAS
VAISHYAS
SHUDRAS
UNTOUCHABLES(NOT PICTURED)
Chandragupta Maurya Raised a large army due to heavy taxes Defeated the Macedonians and united the
Indian subcontinent by the age of 20 Bureaucracy – modeled after the Persians
Asoka Devout Buddhist – promoted religion &
tolerance Benevolent ruler Extensive public works builder (roads, rest
stops)
Founded by Chandra Gupta I who was not related to Chandragupta Maurya
1st three emperors of this empire saw great achievements in art, literature, and religion
The Guptas extended control to the western coast of India, thus enabling maritime trade with the Mediterranean
Writing academiesTraveling drama groupsAstronomySeven day weekInvented zero and calculated pi (π)
Middlemen along the Silk RoadRise in banking
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